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Burden of Central Nervous System Cancer in the United States, 1990-2021 Publisher Pubmed



Han HJ ; Kim YS ; Park S ; Il Shin J ; Kim MS ; Moon JH ; Kim YB ; Ababneh HS ; Abuzaid A ; Areda D ; Arul S ; Azzam AY ; Bardhan M ; Bayat Tork MA Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Han HJ
  2. Kim YS
  3. Park S
  4. Il Shin J
  5. Kim MS
  6. Moon JH
  7. Kim YB
  8. Ababneh HS
  9. Abuzaid A
  10. Areda D
  11. Arul S
  12. Azzam AY
  13. Bardhan M
  14. Bayat Tork MA
  15. Behnam B
  16. Bilgin GB
  17. Bhardwaj PV
  18. Bhuyan SS
  19. Lomer NB
  20. Chen MX
  21. Chennapragada SS
  22. Dai X
  23. Dean FE
  24. Deekonda S
  25. Ding X
  26. Doshi OP
  27. Emar AR
  28. Elhadi M
  29. Fares J
  30. Fazeli P
  31. Fisher JL
  32. Fotouhi M
  33. Gholamrezanezhad A
  34. Ida F
  35. Iwu CD
  36. Jalloh M
  37. Jani CT
  38. Kalani R
  39. Kankam SB
  40. Kazemi F
  41. Keshwani A
  42. Khosla AA
  43. Lim SS
  44. Mehboob R
  45. Mestrovic T
  46. Mokdad AH
  47. Murray CJL
  48. Naik G
  49. Natto ZS
  50. Nguyen D
  51. Nugen F
  52. Orscelik A
  53. Parikh RR
  54. Penberthy L
  55. Pestell RG
  56. Prabhu D
  57. Puvvula J
  58. Ramasamy SK
  59. Sabet CJ
  60. Schumacher AE
  61. Senol YC
  62. Sham S
  63. Sherchan SP
  64. Simegn GL
  65. Singh JA
  66. Solanki R
  67. Srichawla BS
  68. Taiba J
  69. Tanwar M
  70. Amirikah MT
  71. Verma A
  72. Yunusa I
  73. Zheng DX
  74. Yon DK
  75. Park KY

Source: JAMA Neurology Published:2026


Abstract

Importance: Primary brain and central nervous system cancer (collectively referred to as CNS cancer) comprises 2% of all human cancers and poses significant health and economic challenges in the United States. Objective: To analyze CNS cancer burden in the US, stratified by time, location (state and division), sex, age group, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study involved a repeated analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data in 2024. Using data from 183 sources, CNS cancer metrics in the US were estimated across states and years. US CNS cancer metrics across all sexes and age groups were included in the GBD. Exposure: CNS cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall and age-standardized estimates of the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability per 100000 population, including 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), and time trends. Results: In 2021, for all age groups and sexes across the US, there were 31780 incident cases (95% UI, 29971.1 to 32843.9). Age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and mortality rates per 100000 population were 6.91 (95% UI, 6.58 to 7.12), 134.38 (95% UI, 129.83 to 137.95), and 4.1 (95% UI, 3.87 to 4.22), respectively. Despite no significant change observed in the overall incidence between 1990 and 2021, DALY and mortality rates decreased by 15.77% (95% UI, -17.75% to -13.68%) and 8.41% (95% UI, -11.09% to -6.22%), respectively. Substantial geographic variability was noted. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Kansas (West North Central and East South Central divisions) and West Virginia faced persistently high burdens over the past 30 years. Sex differences were evident; disease burden was consistently higher in males compared with females. Age-specific estimates showed a bimodal distribution: the youngest group (<5 years) showed a significant decrease in incidence rate (-34.42% to -11.56%), whereas older age groups (>70 years) experienced increasing trends. DALYs and mortality rates were negatively correlated with SDI (ρ = -0.6860 and ρ = -0.6391; P <.001). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings provide valuable insights into the CNS cancer burden across the US by age, sex, location, and SDI, enabling better public health status assessments, health care policy restructuring, and resource redistribution for improved care. © 2026 GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer Collaborators.
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