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Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol Publisher



Nakhaei P1 ; Margiana R2, 3, 4 ; Bokov DO5, 6 ; Abdelbasset WK7, 8 ; Jadidi Kouhbanani MA9 ; Varma RS10 ; Marofi F11 ; Jarahian M12 ; Beheshtkhoo N9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  3. 3. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, The National Referral Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
  4. 4. Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  5. 5. Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  6. 6. Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
  7. 7. Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  8. 8. Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  9. 9. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czech Republic
  10. 10. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
  11. 11. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  12. 12. Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Source: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Published:2021


Abstract

Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered spherical structures of liposomes are highly rich in lipid contents with numerous criteria for their classification, including structural features, structural parameters, and size, synthesis methods, preparation, and drug loading. Despite various liposomal applications, such as drug, vaccine/gene delivery, biosensors fabrication, diagnosis, and food products applications, their use encounters many limitations due to physico-chemical instability as their stability is vigorously affected by the constituting ingredients wherein cholesterol performs a vital role in the stability of the liposomal membrane. It has well established that cholesterol exerts its impact by controlling fluidity, permeability, membrane strength, elasticity and stiffness, transition temperature (Tm), drug retention, phospholipid packing, and plasma stability. Although the undetermined optimum amount of cholesterol for preparing a stable and controlled release vehicle has been the downside, but researchers are still focused on cholesterol as a promising material for the stability of liposomes necessitating explanation for the stability promotion of liposomes. Herein, the prior art pertaining to the liposomal appliances, especially for drug delivery in cancer therapy, and their stability emphasizing the roles of cholesterol. © Copyright © 2021 Nakhaei, Margiana, Bokov, Abdelbasset, Jadidi Kouhbanani, Varma, Marofi, Jarahian and Beheshtkhoo.
3. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems, Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery (2018)
4. Toxicity Concerns of Nanocarriers, Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeting and Delivery of Drugs and Genes (2017)
7. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Moving Toward Targeted Cancer Therapy, Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics (2016)
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