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Is Salt Intake Reduction a Universal Intervention for Both Normotensive and Hypertensive People: A Case From Iran Steps Survey 2016 Publisher Pubmed



Gholami A1, 2, 3 ; Rezaei S4, 5 ; Jahromi LM6 ; Baradaran HR3, 7 ; Ghanbari A4, 8 ; Djalalinia S4, 9 ; Rezaei N4 ; Naderimagham S4 ; Modirian M4 ; Mahmoudi N4 ; Mahmoudi Z4, 10 ; Hajipour MJ4, 11 ; Kousha A12 ; Samiee SM13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Gholami A1, 2, 3
  2. Rezaei S4, 5
  3. Jahromi LM6
  4. Baradaran HR3, 7
  5. Ghanbari A4, 8
  6. Djalalinia S4, 9
  7. Rezaei N4
  8. Naderimagham S4
  9. Modirian M4
  10. Mahmoudi N4
  11. Mahmoudi Z4, 10
  12. Hajipour MJ4, 11
  13. Kousha A12
  14. Samiee SM13
  15. Farzadfar F4, 10
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  8. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  13. 13. Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

Source: European Journal of Nutrition Published:2020


Abstract

Purpose: There is a direct association between salt intake and blood pressure (BP), one of the main risk factors for CVDs. However, yet there has been a debate that how strong is this association in people with and without hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of the association between salt intake and BP in hypertensive and normotensive population among a nationally representative population. Methods: The study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 18,635 Iranian adults aged 25 years and older who participated in the STEPS survey 2016 and provided urine sample. Salt intake was estimated through spot urine sample and Tanaka equation. Multiple linear regression model in survey data analysis was used to assess the independent effect of salt intake on BP. Results: After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant association between salt intake and SBP in hypertensive (p ' 0.001) and normotensive people (p ' 0.001). In hypertensive people, with 1 g of increase in salt intake, the SBP and DBP increased 0.37 mmHg and 0.07 mmHg, respectively. Whereas in normotensive people, with 1 g of increase in salt intake, the SBP and DBP increased 0.26 mmHg and 0.05 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant trend toward an increase of SBP across salt intake quartiles in both hypertensive (p ' 0.001) and normotensive people (p = 0.002), though the slope was steeper in hypertensive than in normotensive people. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that salt intake significantly increased SBP in both hypertensive and normotensive people, though the magnitude of this increase was greater in hypertensive people as compared with normotensive people. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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