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Olfactory Dysfunction As a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Movement Disorders Publisher



Peyvandi A1 ; Khoshsirat S1 ; Bazgir N1 ; Zaker A2 ; Tahvildari A3 ; Niknazar S4 ; Mohammadi S5 ; Salari M4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Research Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Annals of Movement Disorders Published:2024


Abstract

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common nonmotor symptom observed in several movement disorders. The severity and pattern of olfactory impairment vary among these conditions. Notably, olfactory impairment often precedes the clinical diagnosis of movement disorders by several years, yet it remains frequently unrecognized by patients and physicians until formal olfactory tests are undertaken. This review focuses on exploring OD across various movement disorders.A systemic search strategy incorporating key terms such as movement disorders, dystonic disorders, tic disorders, parkinsonian disorders, parkinsonism, ataxia, essential tremors, drug-induced akathisia, and olfaction disorders was employed to query databases including Embase, Scopus, and PubMed.After excluding irrelevant articles, 99 studies were selected for comprehensive review. OD is a persistent feature across all movement disorders, with the exception of pseudo supranuclear palsy. Among these conditions, olfactory impairment is much more frequent and severe in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Incorporating olfactory testing into the diagnostic evaluation of at-risk individuals or patients with established movement disorders is recommended. These olfactory tests offer a practical, cost-effective, and convenient diagnostic tool that may aid in the early identification and management of these conditions. © 2024 Annals of Movement Disorders | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
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