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Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters (Paes) Along With Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment in Fruit Juice Samples in Tehran, Iran Publisher Pubmed



Kargarghomsheh P1 ; Naghashan M2 ; Farhadiyan S3 ; Arabameri M4 ; Tooryan F5, 6 ; Shariatifar N7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, MA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
  3. 3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Ahvaz, Iran
  4. 4. Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
  6. 6. Preventive Veterinary Medicine Graduate Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
  7. 7. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research Published:2023


Abstract

In the present study, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique were used to measure 6 PAE in fruit juice samples. The mean of total phthalic acid esters (ƩPAEs) in all samples was 3.55 ± 0.66 µg/L. The mean concentration of DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in samples was 0.82 ± 0.31 µg/L, which was lower than the mentioned United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level in drinking water (6 μg/L for DEHP). The pineapple juice samples (4.44 ± 0.57 µg/L) and mango juice samples (2.77 ± 0. 1 µg/L) had maximum and minimum mean levels of ƩPAEs, respectively. Also, results showed that brand B (3.76 ± 0.87 µg/L) and samples in the time of expiration date (3.64 ± 0.72 µg/L) had the highest PAE levels. The rank order Chronic Daily Intake (95%) values for adults were DEHP (5.26 E- 04) > butylbenzyl phthalates (BBP) (4.73 E- 04) > diethyl phthalate (DEP) (3.77 E- 04) and for children were DEHP (9.93 E- 04) > BBP (9.07E-04) > DEP (7.01 E- 04), which were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. The noncancer risk of PAEs based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) was acceptable (< 1). The results exhibited that the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was below the permissible limit (< 1 E- 04). Therefore, the risk of carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity of PAEs in juices does not have adverse effects on human health. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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