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Evaluation of Phthalate Acid Esters (Paes) in Kefir Samples by Using Magnetic Chitosan Coated With Polyaniline (Fe3o4@Chi@Pani)/Gc–Ms Method: A Health Risk Assessment Study Publisher



Marvdashti LM1 ; Milani H1 ; Abdolshahi A2 ; Khodaei SM3 ; Zad SS1 ; Shariatifar N3, 4 ; Moazzen M5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  2. 2. Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Microchemical Journal Published:2024


Abstract

In this study, by magnetic chitosan coated with polyaniline (Fe3O4@CHI@PANI) −gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was applied to analyze six PAE compounds in kefir samples. The results obtained from kefir samples showed that the lowest and highest mean of PAEs were associated to dimethyl phthalate (DMP was not detected or nd) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP, 2.12 µg/kg), respectively. Also according to results the average of DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and total PAEs in all samples were 1.31 ± 0.72 and 4.58 ± 1.87 µg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, maximum and minimum mean of total PAEs were detected in the packages with a volume of 1000 mL (5.47 ± 2.03 μg/kg) and packages with a volume of 1500 mL (3.69 ± 1.23 μg/kg), respectively, and the maximum and minimum mean total PAE (μg/kg) were related to samples with a date less than the expiration date (5.42 ± 1.46) and samples with a date greater than the production date (3.73 ± 1.91), respectively. The level of these contaminants was lower than the existing standard levels. The assessment of human health risks, comprising risks of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic were calculated with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and sensitivity analysis under certain removal efficiencies from 5 to 95 %. The result of the carcinogenic risk for DEHP showed that adults are not threatened by the consumption of kefir (1.06E-05), while children are exposed to negligible risk the consumption of kefir (1/48E-04). In all samples, the total non-carcinogenic risk of PAE compounds was less than 1 (TTHQ was 2.03E-04 and 4.33E-05 for children and adults, respectively), this values presenting there would be unlikely risks of non-carcinogenic of PAEs in kefir for consumers. In conclusion, it can be stated it doesn't pose any threat to Iranian consumers (adults and children). © 2024
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