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Determination of Morphine and Its Metabolites in the Biological Samples: An Updated Review Publisher Pubmed



Amini R1, 2 ; Rahimpour E1, 3 ; Jouyban A1, 4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  4. 4. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Bioanalysis Published:2020


Abstract

Morphine (MO) as an opioid analgesic is used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pains, particularly cancer-related pains. Pharmacologic studies on MO are complicated due to drugs binding to the protein or metabolization to active metabolites, and even inter-individual variability. This necessitates the selection of a reliable analytical method for monitoring MO and the concentrations of its metabolites in the biological samples for the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic investigations. Therefore, this study was conducted to review all the analytical research carried out on MO and its metabolites in the biological samples during 2007-2019 as an update to the study by Bosch et al. (2007). © 2020 Future Medicine Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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