The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings

The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings Publisher Pubmed

Hadji M^{1, 2} ; Rashidian H² ; Marzban M^{3, 4} ; Gholipour M⁵ ; Naghibzadehtahami A⁶ ; Mohebbi E^{2, 7} ; Ebrahimi E² ; Hosseini B^{2, 8} ; Haghdoost AA^{9, 10} ; Rezaianzadeh A¹¹ ; Rahimimovaghar A¹² ; Moradi A⁵ ; Seyyedsalehi MS² ; Shirkoohi R² Show All Authors

Hadji M^{1, 2}
Rashidian H²
Marzban M^{3, 4}
Gholipour M⁵
Naghibzadehtahami A⁶
Mohebbi E^{2, 7}
Ebrahimi E²
Hosseini B^{2, 8}
Haghdoost AA^{9, 10}
Rezaianzadeh A¹¹
Rahimimovaghar A¹²
Moradi A⁵
Seyyedsalehi MS²
Shirkoohi R²
Poustchi H¹³
Eghtesad S¹³
Najafi F^{14, 15}
Safarifaramani R¹⁶
Alizadehnavaei R¹⁷
Moghadam ARA¹⁸
Bakhshi M¹⁸
Nejatizadeh A¹⁹
Mahmudi M¹⁹
Shahidsales S²⁰
Ahmadisimab S²⁰
Nabavian O²¹
Boffetta P^{22, 23}
Pukkala E^{1, 24}
Weiderpass E⁸
Kamangar F²⁵
Zendehdel K^{2, 26, 27}

Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine Published:2021

Abstract

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified opium use as a Group 1 carcinogen. However, much remains to be studied on the relation between opium and cancer. We designed the Iranian Opium and Cancer (IROPICAN) study to further investigate the association of opium use and cancers of the head and neck, bladder, lung, and colon and rectum. In this paper, we describe the rationale, design, and some initial results of the IROPICAN Study. Methods: The IROPICAN is a multi-center case-control study conducted in 10 provinces of Iran. The cases were all histologically confirmed and the controls were selected from hospital visitors who were free of cancer, were not family members or friends of the cancer patients, and were visiting the hospital for reasons other than their own ailment. The questionnaires included detailed questions on opium use (including age at initiation, duration, frequency, typical amount, and route), and potential confounders, such as tobacco use (e.g., cigarettes, nass and water-pipe), and dietary factors. Biological samples, including blood and saliva, were also collected. Results: The validation and pilot phases showed reasonably good validity, with sensitivities of 70% and 69% for the cases and controls, respectively, in reporting opium use. The results also showed excellent reliability, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.96 for ever opium use and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.92) for regular opium use. In the main phase, we recruited 3299 cancer cases (99% response rate) and 3477 hospital visitor controls (89% response rate). The proportion of ever-use of opium was 40% among cases and 18% among controls. Conclusion: The IROPICAN study will serve as a major resource in studies addressing the effect of opium on risk of cancers of the head and neck, bladder, lung, and colon and rectum. © 2021 The Author(s).

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Reza Malekzadeh (16)

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Hadji M, et al.. "The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings." Archives of Iranian Medicine, vol. 24, no. 3, 2021, pp. 167-176.
APA	Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, Ebrahimi E, Hosseini B, Haghdoost AA, Rezaianzadeh A, Rahimimovaghar A, Moradi A, Seyyedsalehi MS, Shirkoohi R, Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Najafi F, Safarifaramani R, Alizadehnavaei R, ... Zendehdel K (2021). The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 24(3), 167-176.
Chicago	Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, Ebrahimi E, et al.. "The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings." Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, no. 3 (2021): 167-176.
Harvard	Hadji M et al. (2021) 'The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings', Archives of Iranian Medicine, 24(3), pp. 167-176.
Vancouver	Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, et al.. The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2021;24(3):167-176.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Hadji M and Rashidian H and Marzban M and Gholipour M and Naghibzadehtahami A and Mohebbi E and Ebrahimi E and Hosseini B and Haghdoost AA and Rezaianzadeh A and Rahimimovaghar A and Moradi A and Seyyedsalehi MS and Shirkoohi R and Poustchi H and Eghtesad S and Najafi F and Safarifaramani R and Alizadehnavaei R and Moghadam ARA and Bakhshi M and Nejatizadeh A and Mahmudi M and Shahidsales S and Ahmadisimab S and Nabavian O and Boffetta P and Pukkala E and Weiderpass E and Kamangar F and Zendehdel K}, title = {The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings}, journal = {Archives of Iranian Medicine}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {167-176}, year = {2021} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Hadji M AU - Rashidian H AU - Marzban M AU - Gholipour M AU - Naghibzadehtahami A AU - Mohebbi E AU - Ebrahimi E AU - Hosseini B AU - Haghdoost AA AU - Rezaianzadeh A AU - Rahimimovaghar A AU - Moradi A AU - Seyyedsalehi MS AU - Shirkoohi R AU - Poustchi H AU - Eghtesad S AU - Najafi F AU - Safarifaramani R AU - Alizadehnavaei R AU - Moghadam ARA AU - Bakhshi M AU - Nejatizadeh A AU - Mahmudi M AU - Shahidsales S AU - Ahmadisimab S AU - Nabavian O AU - Boffetta P AU - Pukkala E AU - Weiderpass E AU - Kamangar F AU - Zendehdel K TI - The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings JO - Archives of Iranian Medicine VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 167 EP - 176 PY - 2021 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Hadji M, et al.. "The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings." Archives of Iranian Medicine, vol. 24, no. 3, 2021, pp. 167-176.

APA

Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, Ebrahimi E, Hosseini B, Haghdoost AA, Rezaianzadeh A, Rahimimovaghar A, Moradi A, Seyyedsalehi MS, Shirkoohi R, Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Najafi F, Safarifaramani R, Alizadehnavaei R, ... Zendehdel K (2021). The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 24(3), 167-176.

Chicago

Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, Ebrahimi E, et al.. "The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings." Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, no. 3 (2021): 167-176.

Harvard

Hadji M et al. (2021) 'The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings', Archives of Iranian Medicine, 24(3), pp. 167-176.

Vancouver

Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadehtahami A, Mohebbi E, et al.. The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2021;24(3):167-176.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Hadji M and Rashidian H and Marzban M and Gholipour M and Naghibzadehtahami A and Mohebbi E and Ebrahimi E and Hosseini B and Haghdoost AA and Rezaianzadeh A and Rahimimovaghar A and Moradi A and Seyyedsalehi MS and Shirkoohi R and Poustchi H and Eghtesad S and Najafi F and Safarifaramani R and Alizadehnavaei R and Moghadam ARA and Bakhshi M and Nejatizadeh A and Mahmudi M and Shahidsales S and Ahmadisimab S and Nabavian O and Boffetta P and Pukkala E and Weiderpass E and Kamangar F and Zendehdel K}, title = {The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings}, journal = {Archives of Iranian Medicine}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {167-176}, year = {2021} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Hadji M
AU - Rashidian H
AU - Marzban M
AU - Gholipour M
AU - Naghibzadehtahami A
AU - Mohebbi E
AU - Ebrahimi E
AU - Hosseini B
AU - Haghdoost AA
AU - Rezaianzadeh A
AU - Rahimimovaghar A
AU - Moradi A
AU - Seyyedsalehi MS
AU - Shirkoohi R
AU - Poustchi H
AU - Eghtesad S
AU - Najafi F
AU - Safarifaramani R
AU - Alizadehnavaei R
AU - Moghadam ARA
AU - Bakhshi M
AU - Nejatizadeh A
AU - Mahmudi M
AU - Shahidsales S
AU - Ahmadisimab S
AU - Nabavian O
AU - Boffetta P
AU - Pukkala E
AU - Weiderpass E
AU - Kamangar F
AU - Zendehdel K
TI - The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (Iropican): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings
JO - Archives of Iranian Medicine
VL - 24
IS - 3
SP - 167
EP - 176
PY - 2021
ER -

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