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Il-21 and Il-21 Receptor in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis Publisher Pubmed



Ghalamfarsa G1 ; Mahmoudi M2 ; Mohammadniaafrouzi M3 ; Yazdani Y4 ; Anvari E5 ; Hadinia A1 ; Ghanbari A1 ; Setayesh M6 ; Yousefi M7, 8 ; Jadidiniaragh F9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  2. 2. Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  4. 4. Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  6. 6. Biology Department, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
  7. 7. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Immunotoxicology Published:2016


Abstract

Abstract: Cytokines are considered important factors in the modulation of various immune responses. Among them, interleukin (IL)-21 is one of the major immune modulators, adjusting various immune responses by affecting various immune cells. It has been suggested that IL-21 may enhance autoimmunity through different mechanisms, such as development and activation of helper T (TH)-17 and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, activation of natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing B-cell differentiation and antibody secretion and suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, IL-21 has also been suggested to be an inducer of autoimmunity when following treatment of MS patients with some therapeutics such as alemtuzumab. This review will seek to clarify the precise role of IL-21/IL-21R in the pathogenesis of MS and, in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). © 2015 Informa UK Limited trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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