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Distinguishing Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto Genotypes G1 and G3 With Confidence: A Practical Guide Publisher Pubmed



Kinkar L1 ; Laurimae T1 ; Acostajamett G2 ; Andresiuk V3 ; Balkaya I4 ; Casulli A5 ; Gasser RB6 ; Gonzalez LM7 ; Haag KL8 ; Zait H9 ; Irshadullah M10 ; Jabbar A6 ; Jenkins DJ11 ; Manfredi MT12 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kinkar L1
  2. Laurimae T1
  3. Acostajamett G2
  4. Andresiuk V3
  5. Balkaya I4
  6. Casulli A5
  7. Gasser RB6
  8. Gonzalez LM7
  9. Haag KL8
  10. Zait H9
  11. Irshadullah M10
  12. Jabbar A6
  13. Jenkins DJ11
  14. Manfredi MT12
  15. Mirhendi H13
  16. Mrad S14
  17. Rostaminejad M15
  18. Oudnimrad M14
  19. Pierangeli NB16
  20. Poncegordo F17
  21. Rehbein S18
  22. Sharbatkhori M19
  23. Kia EB20
  24. Simsek S21
  25. Soriano SV16
  26. Sprong H22
  27. Snabel V23
  28. Umhang G24
  29. Varcasia A25
  30. Saarma U1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
  2. 2. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investigacion Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
  3. 3. Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  4. 4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
  5. 5. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  6. 6. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
  7. 7. Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
  8. 8. Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
  9. 9. Parasitology and Mycology department, Mustapha University Hospital, Algiers, 16000, Algeria
  10. 10. Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
  11. 11. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, 2678, NSW, Australia
  12. 12. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy
  13. 13. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  14. 14. Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
  15. 15. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, 1400, Neuquen, 8300, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  17. 17. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  18. 18. Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8–12, Rohrdorf, 83101, Germany
  19. 19. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  20. 20. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
  22. 22. Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, Netherlands
  23. 23. Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
  24. 24. ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife surveillance and eco-epidemiology unit, Malzeville, 54220, France
  25. 25. Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy

Source: Infection# Genetics and Evolution Published:2018


Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, represents a substantial global health and economic burden. Within this complex, E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1 and G3) is the most frequent causative agent of human CE. Currently, there is no fully reliable method for assigning samples to genotypes G1 and G3, as the commonly used mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes are not sufficiently consistent for the identification and differentiation of these genotypes. Thus, a new genetic assay is required for the accurate assignment of G1 and G3. Here we use a large dataset of near-complete mtDNA sequences (n = 303) to reveal the extent of genetic variation of G1 and G3 on a broad geographical scale and to identify reliable informative positions for G1 and G3. Based on extensive sampling and sequencing data, we developed a new method, that is simple and cost-effective, to designate samples to genotypes G1 and G3. We found that the nad5 is the best gene in mtDNA to differentiate between G1 and G3, and developed new primers for the analysis. Our results also highlight problems related to the commonly used cox1 and nad1. To guarantee consistent identification of G1 and G3, we suggest using the sequencing of the nad5 gene region (680 bp). This region contains six informative positions within a relatively short fragment of the mtDNA, allowing the differentiation of G1 and G3 with confidence. Our method offers clear advantages over the previous ones, providing a significantly more consistent means to distinguish G1 and G3 than the commonly used cox1 and nad1. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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