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Global Phylogeography and Genetic Diversity of the Zoonotic Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto Genotype G1 Publisher Pubmed



Kinkar L1 ; Laurimae T1 ; Acostajamett G2 ; Andresiuk V3 ; Balkaya I4 ; Casulli A5 ; Gasser RB6 ; Van Der Giessen J7 ; Gonzalez LM8 ; Haag KL9 ; Zait H10 ; Irshadullah M11 ; Jabbar A6 ; Jenkins DJ12 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kinkar L1
  2. Laurimae T1
  3. Acostajamett G2
  4. Andresiuk V3
  5. Balkaya I4
  6. Casulli A5
  7. Gasser RB6
  8. Van Der Giessen J7
  9. Gonzalez LM8
  10. Haag KL9
  11. Zait H10
  12. Irshadullah M11
  13. Jabbar A6
  14. Jenkins DJ12
  15. Kia EB13
  16. Manfredi MT14
  17. Mirhendi H15
  18. Mrad S16
  19. Rostaminejad M17
  20. Oudnimrad M16
  21. Pierangeli NB18
  22. Poncegordo F19
  23. Rehbein S20
  24. Sharbatkhori M21
  25. Simsek S22
  26. Soriano SV18
  27. Sprong H7
  28. Snabel V23
  29. Umhang G24
  30. Varcasia A25
  31. Saarma U1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
  2. 2. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investigacion Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
  3. 3. Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  4. 4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
  5. 5. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  6. 6. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
  7. 7. Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, Netherlands
  8. 8. Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
  9. 9. Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
  10. 10. Parasitology and Mycology Department, Mustapha University Hospital, Algiers, 16000, Algeria
  11. 11. Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
  12. 12. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, 2678, NSW, Australia
  13. 13. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy
  15. 15. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  16. 16. Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
  17. 17. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquen, 8300, Argentina
  19. 19. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  20. 20. Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, Rohrdorf, 83101, Germany
  21. 21. Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  22. 22. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
  23. 23. Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 040 01, Slovakia
  24. 24. ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Malzeville, 54220, France
  25. 25. Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, Sassari, 2-07100, Italy

Source: International Journal for Parasitology Published:2018


Abstract

Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is the major cause of human cystic echinococcosis worldwide and is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases of humans. To date, numerous studies have investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of E. granulosus s.s. in various geographic regions. However, there has been no global study. Recently, using mitochondrial DNA, it was shown that E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are distinct genotypes, but a larger dataset is required to confirm the distinction of these genotypes. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the distinction of genotypes G1 and G3 using a large global dataset; and (ii) analyse the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G1 on a global scale using near-complete mitogenome sequences. For this study, 222 globally distributed E. granulosus s.s. samples were used, of which 212 belonged to genotype G1 and 10 to G3. Using a total sequence length of 11,682 bp, we inferred phylogenetic networks for three datasets: E. granulosus s.s. (n = 222), G1 (n = 212) and human G1 samples (n = 41). In addition, the Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed. The latter yielded several strongly supported diffusion routes of genotype G1 originating from Turkey, Tunisia and Argentina. We conclude that: (i) using a considerably larger dataset than employed previously, E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are indeed distinct mitochondrial genotypes; (ii) the genetic diversity of E. granulosus s.s. G1 is high globally, with lower values in South America; and (iii) the complex phylogeographic patterns emerging from the phylogenetic and geographic analyses suggest that the current distribution of genotype G1 has been shaped by intensive animal trade. © 2018 Australian Society for Parasitology
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