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Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Gastric Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women Publisher Pubmed



Camargo MC1 ; Song M1 ; Xu X2 ; Zhao I1 ; Sampson JN1 ; Etemadi A1 ; Brenner H3, 4 ; Lee HW5 ; Trabert B1 ; Holleczek B4 ; Schottker B4 ; Spaid K6 ; Dawsey SM1 ; Lee S5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Camargo MC1
  2. Song M1
  3. Xu X2
  4. Zhao I1
  5. Sampson JN1
  6. Etemadi A1
  7. Brenner H3, 4
  8. Lee HW5
  9. Trabert B1
  10. Holleczek B4
  11. Schottker B4
  12. Spaid K6
  13. Dawsey SM1
  14. Lee S5
  15. Shimura T7
  16. Park SK5
  17. Malekzadeh R8
  18. Kang D5
  19. Rabkin CS1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
  2. 2. Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
  3. 3. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
  4. 4. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  5. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  6. 6. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  7. 7. Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
  8. 8. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Cancer Reports Published:2022


Abstract

Background: The overall incidence of gastric cancer in women is half that in men for most global populations. Sex hormone pathways may be involved in carcinogenesis and estrogens have been postulated to protect women against gastric cancer. Aim: To evaluate associations of gastric cancer with estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. Methods and results: We performed an analysis of 233 gastric cancer cases and 281 age-matched controls from three prospective cohorts and two case-control studies of early-stage gastric cancer, mainly conducted in high-risk Asian populations. Fifteen estrogen-parent (estrone and estradiol) and -metabolite analytes (2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether, 4-hydroxyestrone; 4-methoxyestrone, 4-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestrone, 2-methoxyestradiol, estriol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, 16-ketoestradiol, 16-epiestriol, and 17-epiestriol) were measured in spot urines using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios for association with each marker were estimated by logistic regression. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test. Study-specific odds ratios were pooled by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Urinary levels of estrogen-related molecules were not associated with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.87 to 1.27; p-values >.05), with low between-study heterogeneity (p-values >.1) for all but two metabolites (2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether and 2-methoxyestradiol). Conclusion: To date, this is the first comprehensive assessment of endogenous estrogens with gastric cancer risk in women. Estrogens do not appear to have an etiologic role in gastric cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Given the complex network of sex steroid hormones and their extreme variation over the lifespan, further evaluation of this hypothesis is warranted. © 2021 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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