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Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and Incidence of Esophageal Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Etemadi A1, 2 ; Poustchi H3 ; Chang CM4 ; Calafat AM5 ; Blount BC5 ; Bhandari D5 ; Wang L5 ; Roshandel G6 ; Alexandridis A4 ; Botelho JC5 ; Xia B5 ; Wang Y5 ; Sosnoff CS5 ; Feng J5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Etemadi A1, 2
  2. Poustchi H3
  3. Chang CM4
  4. Calafat AM5
  5. Blount BC5
  6. Bhandari D5
  7. Wang L5
  8. Roshandel G6
  9. Alexandridis A4
  10. Botelho JC5
  11. Xia B5
  12. Wang Y5
  13. Sosnoff CS5
  14. Feng J5
  15. Nalini M1
  16. Khoshnia M6
  17. Pourshams A2
  18. Sotoudeh M2
  19. Gail MH7
  20. Dawsey SM1
  21. Kamangar F8
  22. Boffetta P9, 10
  23. Brennan P11
  24. Abnet CC1
  25. Malekzadeh R2
  26. Freedman ND1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  2. 2. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
  5. 5. Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  6. 6. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  7. 7. Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  8. 8. Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  9. 9. Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
  10. 10. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  11. 11. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Studying carcinogens in tobacco and nontobacco sources may be key to understanding the pathogenesis and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer. Methods: The Golestan Cohort Study has been conducted since 2004 in a region with high rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. For this nested study, the cases comprised of all incident cases by January 1, 2018; controls were matched to the case by age, sex, residence, time in cohort, and tobacco use. We measured urinary concentrations of 33 exposure biomarkers of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations between the 90th vs the 10th percentiles of the biomarker concentrations and incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Results: Among individuals who did not currently use tobacco (148 cases and 163 controls), 2 acrolein metabolites, 2 acrylonitrile metabolites, 1 propylene oxide metabolite, and one 1,3-butadiene metabolite were significantly associated with incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (adjusted odds ratios between 1.8 and 4.3). Among tobacco users (57 cases and 63 controls), metabolites of 2 other volatile organic compounds (styrene and xylene) were associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR ¼ 6.2 and 9.0, respectively). In tobacco users, 2 tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNN and N’-Nitrosoanatabine) were also associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Suggestive associations were seen with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially 2-hydroxynaphthalene) in nonusers of tobacco products and other tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco users. Conclusion: These novel associations based on individual-level data and samples collected many years before cancer diagnosis, from a population without occupational exposure, have important public health implications. © 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
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