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Advancements in Wearable Technology for Monitoring Lactate Levels Using Lactate Oxidase Enzyme and Free Enzyme As Analytical Approaches: A Review Publisher Pubmed



Moradi S1 ; Firoozbakhtian A1 ; Hosseini M1, 2 ; Karaman O3 ; Kalikeri S4 ; Raja GG5 ; Karimimaleh H6, 7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
  2. 2. Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Akdeniz University, Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Antalya, Turkey
  4. 4. Division of Nanoscience and Technology, School of Lifesciences, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Karnataka, Mysuru, 570015, India
  5. 5. Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, 1000000, Chile
  6. 6. The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhu Medical University, Quzhou Peoples Hospital, China
  7. 7. School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
  8. 8. School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2024


Abstract

Lactate is a metabolite that holds significant importance in human healthcare, biotechnology, and the food industry. The need for lactate monitoring has led to the development of various devices for measuring lactate concentration. Traditional laboratory methods, which involve extracting blood samples through invasive techniques such as needles, are costly, time-consuming, and require in-person sampling. To overcome these limitations, new technologies for lactate monitoring have emerged. Wearable biosensors are a promising approach that offers non-invasiveness, low cost, and short response times. They can be easily attached to the skin and provide continuous monitoring. In this review, we evaluate different types of wearable biosensors for lactate monitoring using lactate oxidase enzyme as biological recognition element and free enzyme systems. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.