The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study

The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study Publisher

Malekpour MR¹ ; Abbasikangevari M¹ ; Ghamari SH¹ ; Khanali J¹ ; Heidariforoozan M¹ ; Moghaddam SS^{1, 2} ; Azangoukhyavy M¹ ; Rezazadehkhadem S¹ ; Rezaei N¹ ; Shobeiri P¹ ; Esfahani Z¹ ; Rezaei N¹ ; Mokdad AH^{3, 4} ; Naghavi M^{3, 4} Show All Authors

Malekpour MR¹
Abbasikangevari M¹
Ghamari SH¹
Khanali J¹
Heidariforoozan M¹
Moghaddam SS^{1, 2}
Azangoukhyavy M¹
Rezazadehkhadem S¹
Rezaei N¹
Shobeiri P¹
Esfahani Z¹
Rezaei N¹
Mokdad AH^{3, 4}
Naghavi M^{3, 4}
Larijani B⁵
Farzadfar F^{1, 5}

Show Affiliations

1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
4. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: eClinicalMedicine Published:2023

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Authors

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Experts (# of related papers)

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Bagher Larijani (31)

Farshad Farzadfar (30)

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Malekpour MR, et al.. "The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study." eClinicalMedicine, vol. 60, no. , 2023, pp. -.
APA	Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, Azangoukhyavy M, Rezazadehkhadem S, Rezaei N, Shobeiri P, Esfahani Z, Rezaei N, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Larijani B, Farzadfar F (2023). The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study. eClinicalMedicine, 60(), -.
Chicago	Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, Azangoukhyavy M, et al.. "The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study." eClinicalMedicine 60, no. (2023): -.
Harvard	Malekpour MR et al. (2023) 'The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study', eClinicalMedicine, 60(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, et al.. The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;60():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Malekpour MR and Abbasikangevari M and Ghamari SH and Khanali J and Heidariforoozan M and Moghaddam SS and Azangoukhyavy M and Rezazadehkhadem S and Rezaei N and Shobeiri P and Esfahani Z and Rezaei N and Mokdad AH and Naghavi M and Larijani B and Farzadfar F}, title = {The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study}, journal = {eClinicalMedicine}, volume = {60}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2023} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Malekpour MR AU - Abbasikangevari M AU - Ghamari SH AU - Khanali J AU - Heidariforoozan M AU - Moghaddam SS AU - Azangoukhyavy M AU - Rezazadehkhadem S AU - Rezaei N AU - Shobeiri P AU - Esfahani Z AU - Rezaei N AU - Mokdad AH AU - Naghavi M AU - Larijani B AU - Farzadfar F TI - The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study JO - eClinicalMedicine VL - 60 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2023 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Malekpour MR, et al.. "The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study." eClinicalMedicine, vol. 60, no. , 2023, pp. -.

APA

Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, Azangoukhyavy M, Rezazadehkhadem S, Rezaei N, Shobeiri P, Esfahani Z, Rezaei N, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Larijani B, Farzadfar F (2023). The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study. eClinicalMedicine, 60(), -.

Chicago

Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, Azangoukhyavy M, et al.. "The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study." eClinicalMedicine 60, no. (2023): -.

Harvard

Malekpour MR et al. (2023) 'The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study', eClinicalMedicine, 60(), pp. -.

Vancouver

Malekpour MR, Abbasikangevari M, Ghamari SH, Khanali J, Heidariforoozan M, Moghaddam SS, et al.. The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;60():-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Malekpour MR and Abbasikangevari M and Ghamari SH and Khanali J and Heidariforoozan M and Moghaddam SS and Azangoukhyavy M and Rezazadehkhadem S and Rezaei N and Shobeiri P and Esfahani Z and Rezaei N and Mokdad AH and Naghavi M and Larijani B and Farzadfar F}, title = {The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study}, journal = {eClinicalMedicine}, volume = {60}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2023} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Malekpour MR
AU - Abbasikangevari M
AU - Ghamari SH
AU - Khanali J
AU - Heidariforoozan M
AU - Moghaddam SS
AU - Azangoukhyavy M
AU - Rezazadehkhadem S
AU - Rezaei N
AU - Shobeiri P
AU - Esfahani Z
AU - Rezaei N
AU - Mokdad AH
AU - Naghavi M
AU - Larijani B
AU - Farzadfar F
TI - The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study
JO - eClinicalMedicine
VL - 60
IS -
SP -
EP -
PY - 2023
ER -

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Abstract