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Boosting Immune System Against Cancer by Melatonin: A Mechanistic Viewpoint Publisher Pubmed



Mortezaee K1 ; Potes Y2 ; Mirtavoosmahyari H3 ; Motevaseli E4 ; Shabeeb D5 ; Musa AE6 ; Najafi M7 ; Farhood B8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria 6, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
  3. 3. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
  6. 6. Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

Source: Life Sciences Published:2019


Abstract

Cancer is a disease of high complexity. Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in cancer targeted therapies. Overcoming this resistance requires a deep knowledge of the cellular interactions within tumor. Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the main anti-cancer immune cells, while T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) facilitate immune escape of cancer cells. Melatonin is a natural agent with anti-cancer functions that has also been suggested as an adjuvant in combination with cancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and tumor vaccination. One of the main effects of melatonin is regulation of immune responses against cancer cells. Melatonin has been shown to potentiate the activities of anti-cancer immune cells, as well as attenuating the activities of Tregs and CAFs. It also has a potent effect on the mitochondria, which may change immune responses against cancer. In this review, we explain the mechanisms of immune regulation by melatonin involved in its anti-cancer effects. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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