Cancer Immunology Publisher



Keshavarzfathi M^{1, 2, 3} ; Rezaei N^{3, 4, 5}
Source: Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives Published:2019

Abstract

To understand the fundamental interactions between tumor cells and the immune system, immunosurveillance and evolutionally immunoediting hypothesis were proposed. When tumor cells overcome mechanisms of the immune system in the elimination phase, they proceed with the equilibrium and probably escape phases. In each phase, various immune cells and cytokines are involved. Moreover, several mechanisms are considered for the tumor escaping form the immune system, including defect in tumor antigen presentation and recognition, dominance of inhibitory mechanisms and lack of activating effects, and resistant subtypes of tumor cells such as cancer stem cells. In this chapter, various immune cells, which play a role in the immune response against tumor cells and immunoediting hypothesis, will be reviewed. © 2019 Nima Rezaei and Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.