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Application of Bone and Cartilage Extracellular Matrices in Articular Cartilage Regeneration Publisher Pubmed



Haghwerdi F1 ; Khozaei Ravari M2 ; Taghiyar L2 ; Shamekhi MA3 ; Jahangir S2 ; Haririan I4 ; Baghaban Eslaminejad M2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan Branch, Sarvestan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Biomedical Materials (Bristol) Published:2021


Abstract

Articular cartilage has an avascular structure with a poor ability for self-repair; therefore, many challenges arise in cases of trauma or disease. It is of utmost importance to identify the proper biomaterial for tissue repair that has the capability to direct cell recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue integration by imitating the natural microenvironment of cells and transmitting an orchestra of intracellular signals. Cartilage extracellular matrix (cECM) is a complex nanostructure composed of divergent proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which regulate many functions of resident cells. Numerous studies have shown the remarkable capacity of ECM-derived biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. Moreover, given the importance of biodegradability, biocompatibility, 3D structure, porosity, and mechanical stability in the design of suitable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) appears to be a promising biomaterial for this purpose, as it possesses the aforementioned characteristics inherently. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive review study on the use of DBM in cartilage tissue engineering has previously been published. Since so much work is needed to address DBM limitations such as pore size, cell retention, and so on, we decided to draw the attention of researchers in this field by compiling a list of recent publications. This review discusses the implementation of composite scaffolds of natural or synthetic origin functionalized with cECM or DBM in cartilage tissue engineering. Cutting-edge advances and limitations are also discussed in an attempt to provide guidance to researchers and clinicians. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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