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Advanced Bioengineering of Male Germ Stem Cells to Preserve Fertility Publisher



Eyni H1 ; Ghorbani S2 ; Nazari H3 ; Hajialyani M4 ; Razavi Bazaz S5 ; Mohaqiq M6 ; Ebrahimi Warkiani M5 ; Sutherland DS2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  3. 3. Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  5. 5. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  6. 6. Institute of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States

Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering Published:2021


Abstract

In modern life, several factors such as genetics, exposure to toxins, and aging have resulted in significant levels of male infertility, estimated to be approximately 18% worldwide. In response, substantial progress has been made to improve in vitro fertilization treatments (e.g. microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and round spermatid injection (ROSI)). Mimicking the structure of testicular natural extracellular matrices (ECM) outside of the body is one clear route toward complete in vitro spermatogenesis and male fertility preservation. Here, a new wave of technological innovations is underway applying regenerative medicine strategies to cell-tissue culture on natural or synthetic scaffolds supplemented with bioactive factors. The emergence of advanced bioengineered systems suggests new hope for male fertility preservation through development of functional male germ cells. To date, few studies aimed at in vitro spermatogenesis have resulted in relevant numbers of mature gametes. However, a substantial body of knowledge on conditions that are required to maintain and mature male germ cells in vitro is now in place. This review focuses on advanced bioengineering methods such as microfluidic systems, bio-fabricated scaffolds, and 3D organ culture applied to the germline for fertility preservation through in vitro spermatogenesis. © The Author(s) 2021.
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