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Impact of Omega-3 Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Publisher Pubmed



Sohouli MH1 ; Roshan MM2 ; Olusola OF3 ; Fatahi S4 ; Omidi HR2 ; Sharifi P5 ; Hekmatdoost A6 ; Kutbi E7 ; Abuzaid A8, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Consultant Haematologist and Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
  4. 4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Biorepository, Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  8. 8. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  9. 9. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States

Source: Nutrition# Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Published:2022


Abstract

Aims: Although some evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation influences enzymes involved in forming homocysteine (Hcy) and improving hyperhomocysteinemia, these findings are still contradictory in humans. The aim of this systematic and meta-analysis study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on Hcy using existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data synthesis: Available databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched to find relevant RCTs up to June 2021. The effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Conclusion: A total of 20 RCT studies with 2676 participants were included in this article. Our analyses have shown that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced plasma Hcy levels (WMD: 1.34 μmol/L; 95% CI: 1.97 to −0.72; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The results of subgroup analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation during the intervention <12 weeks and with a dose ≥3 gr per day causes a more significant decrease in Hcy levels than the intervention ≥12 weeks and at a dose <3 gr. In addition, omega-3 supplements appear to have more beneficial effects in individuals with high levels of normal Hcy. This meta-analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation significantly improved Hcy. However, further studies are needed to confirm the findings. © 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University
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