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An Insight Into the Sex Differences in Covid-19 Patients: What Are the Possible Causes? Publisher Pubmed



Maleki Dana P1 ; Sadoughi F1 ; Hallajzadeh J2 ; Asemi Z1 ; Mansournia MA3 ; Yousefi B4, 5 ; Momenheravi M6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  7. 7. Infections Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

Source: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Published:2020


Abstract

Studies have reported a sex bias in case fatalities of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it is observed that men have a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease compared to women, highlighting the importance of disaggregated data of male and female COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, other factors (eg, hormonal levels and immune functions) also need to be addressed due to the effects of sex differences on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. An insight into the underlying causes of sex differences in COVID-19 patients may provide an opportunity for better care of the patients or prevention of the disease. The current study reviews the reports concerning with the sex differences in COVID-19 patients. It is explained how sex can affect angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), that is a key component for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and summarized the gender differences in immune responses and how sex hormones are involved in immune processes. Furthermore, the available data about the impact of sex hormones on the immune functions of COVID-19 cases are looked into. © 2020 World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine.
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