The Association Between Dietary Acid Load and Odds of Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Mehranfar S¹ ; Jalilpiran Y^{1, 2} ; Rahimi H³ ; Jafari A¹ ; Setayesh L¹ ; Clark CCT⁴ ; Faghih S⁵ Show Affiliations
Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Published:2025

Abstract

Background and objective: Conflicting results exist regarding the associations between dietary acid load (DAL) and cancer risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between DAL and the odds of prostate cancer (PC) in the Iranian population. Methods: One hundred and twenty participants (60 controls and 60 newly diagnosed PC patients) engaged in a hospital-based case-control study conducted from April to September 2015. A validated, 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess usual dietary intakes. DAL was calculated using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs). Results: Both PRAL (OR = 5.44; 95% CI = 2.09–14.17) and NEAP (OR = 4.88; 95% CI = 2.22–13.41) were associated with increased odds of PC in the crude model. After adjusting for potential confounders (energy intake, smoking, physical activity, ethnicity, job, education, and medication use), being in the third category of PRAL (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.11–8.65) and NEAP (OR = 3.88; 95% CI = 1.26–9.55) were significantly associated with increased odds of PC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that dietary acid load may be linked to an increased risk of PC; however, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are necessary to validate these findings. © The Author(s) 2025.