Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed

Pakzad R¹ ; Malekifar P² ; Shateri Z³ ; Zandi M^{4, 5} ; Akhavan Rezayat S⁶ ; Soleymani M⁷ ; Karimi MR⁵ ; Ahmadi SE⁸ ; Shahbahrami R⁵ ; Pakzad I⁹ ; Abdi F¹⁰ ; Farahani A¹¹ ; Soltani S^{4, 5} ; Kesheh MM¹² Show All Authors

Pakzad R¹
Malekifar P²
Shateri Z³
Zandi M^{4, 5}
Akhavan Rezayat S⁶
Soleymani M⁷
Karimi MR⁵
Ahmadi SE⁸
Shahbahrami R⁵
Pakzad I⁹
Abdi F¹⁰
Farahani A¹¹
Soltani S^{4, 5}
Kesheh MM¹²
Hosseini P⁴

Show Affiliations

1. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Student research committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
4. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5. Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6. Department of Management & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7. Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
8. Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
9. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
10. Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
11. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
12. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published:2022

Abstract

Background: To provide information about pathogens’ coinfection prevalence with SARS-CoV-2 could be a real help to save patients’ lives. This study aims to evaluate the pathogens’ coinfection prevalence among COVID-19 patients. Method: In order to find all of the relevant articles, we used systematic search approach. Research-based databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, without language restrictions, were searched to identify the relevant bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfections among COVID-19 cases from December 1, 2019, to August 23, 2021. In order to dig deeper, other scientific repositories such as Medrxiv were probed. Results: A total of 13,023 studies were found through systematic search. After thorough analysis, only 64 studies with 61,547 patients were included in the study. The most common causative agents of coinfection among COVID-19 patients were bacteria (pooled prevalence: 20.97%; 95% CI: 15.95–26.46; I2: 99.9%) and less frequent were virus coinfections (pooled prevalence: 12.58%; 95% CI: 7.31–18.96; I2: 98.7%). The pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections was also 12.60% (95% CI: 7.84–17.36; I2: 98.3%). Meta-regression analysis showed that the age sample size and WHO geographic region did not influenced heterogeneity. Conclusion: We identified a high prevalence of pathogenic microorganism coinfection among COVID-19 patients. Because of this rate of coinfection empirical use of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatment are advisable specifically at the early stage of COVID-19 infection. We also suggest running simultaneously diagnostic tests to identify other microbiological agents’ coinfection with SARS-CoV-2. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Pakzad R, et al.. "Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, vol. 36, no. 1, 2022, pp. -.
APA	Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, Karimi MR, Ahmadi SE, Shahbahrami R, Pakzad I, Abdi F, Farahani A, Soltani S, Kesheh MM, Hosseini P (2022). Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 36(1), -.
Chicago	Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, Karimi MR, et al.. "Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 36, no. 1 (2022): -.
Harvard	Pakzad R et al. (2022) 'Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 36(1), pp. -.
Vancouver	Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, et al.. Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 2022;36(1):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Pakzad R and Malekifar P and Shateri Z and Zandi M and Akhavan Rezayat S and Soleymani M and Karimi MR and Ahmadi SE and Shahbahrami R and Pakzad I and Abdi F and Farahani A and Soltani S and Kesheh MM and Hosseini P}, title = {Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Pakzad R AU - Malekifar P AU - Shateri Z AU - Zandi M AU - Akhavan Rezayat S AU - Soleymani M AU - Karimi MR AU - Ahmadi SE AU - Shahbahrami R AU - Pakzad I AU - Abdi F AU - Farahani A AU - Soltani S AU - Kesheh MM AU - Hosseini P TI - Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JO - Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - EP - PY - 2022 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Pakzad R, et al.. "Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, vol. 36, no. 1, 2022, pp. -.

APA

Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, Karimi MR, Ahmadi SE, Shahbahrami R, Pakzad I, Abdi F, Farahani A, Soltani S, Kesheh MM, Hosseini P (2022). Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 36(1), -.

Chicago

Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, Karimi MR, et al.. "Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 36, no. 1 (2022): -.

Harvard

Pakzad R et al. (2022) 'Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 36(1), pp. -.

Vancouver

Pakzad R, Malekifar P, Shateri Z, Zandi M, Akhavan Rezayat S, Soleymani M, et al.. Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 2022;36(1):-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Pakzad R and Malekifar P and Shateri Z and Zandi M and Akhavan Rezayat S and Soleymani M and Karimi MR and Ahmadi SE and Shahbahrami R and Pakzad I and Abdi F and Farahani A and Soltani S and Kesheh MM and Hosseini P}, title = {Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Pakzad R
AU - Malekifar P
AU - Shateri Z
AU - Zandi M
AU - Akhavan Rezayat S
AU - Soleymani M
AU - Karimi MR
AU - Ahmadi SE
AU - Shahbahrami R
AU - Pakzad I
AU - Abdi F
AU - Farahani A
AU - Soltani S
AU - Kesheh MM
AU - Hosseini P
TI - Worldwide Prevalence of Microbial Agents’ Coinfection Among Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JO - Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
VL - 36
IS - 1
SP -
EP -
PY - 2022
ER -

Science Communicator Platform

Authors

Authors Affiliations

Abstract