Toxicity of Inorganic Nanoparticles Publisher



Khalid M¹ ; Abdollahi M¹ Show Affiliations
Source: Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Published:2022

Abstract

Nanotechnology has given rise to a diverse range of nanoscale products with various physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly popular in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. NPs have been more widely used in biomedicine, the atmosphere, and pharmaceuticals in recent years. They are not entirely healthy for humans, despite their increasing popularity. NP-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation can damage various organ systems, including respiration, the immune system, and reproduction. Because NPs have a larger surface area, they can interact with biomolecules more easily. They can also bind to subcellular structures like endosomes and accumulate there, ultimately reaching toxic levels. The generation of reactive oxygen species, induction of oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, inflammation, immune response, DNA damage, and genotoxicity are various mechanisms that NPs can use to affect cell homeostasis. A toxicity risk evaluation must be considered before NPs are used in biomedical applications. While commercial nanoscale materials are now available, their potential toxicity has yet to be thoroughly investigated in many cases. The interaction of NPs with biomolecules may be minimized or tailored to a particular tissue. To reduce toxicity, chelating agents and doping elements may be used. Furthermore, developing and enforcing labelling regulations and implementing a “control banding” strategy can help limit NPs exposure and the risks associated with it. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.