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The in Vitro Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy With Indocyanine Green on Enterococcus Faecalis: Influence of a Washing Vs Non-Washing Procedure Publisher Pubmed



Chiniforush N1 ; Pourhajibagher M2 ; Parker S3 ; Shahabi S4 ; Bahador A1, 2, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Italy
  4. 4. Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Published:2016


Abstract

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of washing and non-washing of indocyanine green (ICG) as photosensitizer (PS) on bacterial count, biofilm formation, development and degradation of Enterococcus faecalis. Methods The anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm formation, anti-biofilm development and biofilm degradation of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against E. faecalis was determined at concentrations of 3 to 2000 μg/mL of ICG, subject to 18 J/cm2 dose of diode laser (808 nm) in washing and non-washing producers. Bacterial viability measurements and biofilm assays were evaluated by broth microdilution method and crystal violet assays, respectively. Results ICG-mediated aPDT, using 25 to 2000 μg/mL and 50 to 2000 μg/mL showed significant reduction in E. faecalis growth when compared to the control in non-washing and washing producers, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, ICG-mediated aPDT showed a significantly inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of E. faecalis in concentration of 6 to 2000 μg/mL and 100 to 2000 μg/mL in non-washing and washing groups (P < 0.05). The biofilm development was inhibited by concentrations of 12 to 2000 μg/mL and 100 to 2000 μg/mL in non-washing and washing groups. The biofilm degradation increased from concentrations of 12 to 2000 μg/mL and 250 to 2000 μg/mL in non-washing and washing groups, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that the application of ICG should be accompanied by laser irradiation without being washed out to achieve better result for bacterial count reduction and anti-biofilm effects. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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