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Long Noncoding Rnas and Exosomal Lncrnas: Classification, and Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance Publisher Pubmed



Yousefi H1 ; Maheronnaghsh M2 ; Molaei F3 ; Mashouri L4 ; Reza Aref A5 ; Momeny M6 ; Alahari SK1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, United States
  6. 6. Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland

Source: Oncogene Published:2020


Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer, and the second cause of cancer-related deaths (after lung cancer) among women. Developing tumor metastasis and invasion is the most important cause of death in breast cancer patients. Several key factors participate in breast cancer metastasis including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNAs are a category of cellular RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs have the potential to be promising diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Understanding the role of lncRNAs and their mechanisms of functions might help to further discovery of breast cancer biological characteristics. In this review, we discuss physiological functions, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs, and their important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Some lncRNAs function as oncogenes and some function as tumor suppressors. Interestingly, recent reports depict that hypomethylation of promoters of lncRNAs play a pivotal role in cancer progression, suggesting the importance of epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in exosomes and their function in drug resistance, and therapeutic importance of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology. In summary, lncRNAs have a great potential to consider them as novel prognostic biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets in breast cancer. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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