Microfluidics for Detection of Exosomes and Micrornas in Cancer: State of the Art Publisher



Mousavi SM¹ ; Amin Mahdian SM^{2, 3} ; Ebrahimi MS^{4, 5} ; Taghizadieh M⁶ ; Vosough M⁷ ; Sadri Nahand J⁸ ; Hosseindoost S⁹ ; Vousooghi N^{10, 11, 12} ; Javar HA^{3, 13} ; Larijani B³ ; Hadjighassem MR^{1, 14} ; Rahimian N¹⁵ ; Hamblin MR¹⁶ ; Mirzaei H¹⁷
Source: Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids Published:2022

Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30–150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications. © 2022 The Author(s)