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Immunoengineering Biomaterials in Cell-Based Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Publisher Pubmed



Derakhshankhah H1, 2 ; Sajadimajd S3 ; Jahanshahi F4 ; Samsonchi Z5 ; Karimi H6 ; Hajizadehsaffar E5 ; Jafari S1 ; Razmi M2, 7 ; Malvajerd SS2, 8 ; Bahrami G9 ; Razavi M10, 11 ; Izadi Z1, 2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  10. 10. Biionix (Bionic Materials Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  11. 11. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States

Source: Tissue Engineering - Part B: Reviews Published:2022


Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by low insulin production and chronic hyperglycemia due to destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Cell transplantation is an attractive alternative approach compared to insulin injection. However, cell therapy has been limited by major challenges, including life-long requirement for immunosuppressive drugs to prevent host immune responses. Encapsulation of the transplanted cells can solve the problem of immune rejection, by providing a physical barrier between the transplanted cells and the recipient's immune cells. Despite current disputes in cell encapsulation approaches, thanks to recent advances in the fields of biomaterials and transplantation immunology, extensive effort has been dedicated to immunoengineering strategies, in combination with encapsulation technologies, to overcome the problem of host's immune responses. This review summarizes the most commonly used encapsulation and immunoengineering strategies combined with cell therapy, which have been applied as a novel approach to improve cell replacement therapies for management of T1D. Recent advances in the fields of biomaterial design, nanotechnology, as well as deeper knowledge about immune modulation had significantly improved cell encapsulation strategies. However, further progress requires combined application of novel immunoengineering approaches and islet/β-cell transplantation. Cell encapsulation shows promising potential in preventing host's immune responses and rejection of islets or β-cells by providing a selectively permeable barrier between the host and the transplanted cells. Innovative materials, conformal nanocoatings, and immunomodulation have provided promising approaches in the field of encapsulation technology. Novel nanocarriers have been synthesized to release and deliver immunosuppressive agents to islets/β-cells within the capsules in a controlled manner. The immunoengineering approach (immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents) could overcome the challenges of cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.