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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Review of the Existing Evidence and Challenges in Breast Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Jalalvand M1, 2 ; Darbeheshti F3, 4 ; Rezaei N5, 6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  7. 7. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 14194, Iran

Source: Immunotherapy Published:2021


Abstract

Cancer initiation and progression are associated with immune system responses. Tumor cells use various tricks to scape of immune system, such as activating immune checkpoint pathways that induce immunosuppressive functions. Among the different immune checkpoint receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are prominent therapeutic targets in different cancers. Although the US FDA has approved some immune checkpoint inhibitors for several cancers, concerning breast cancer still different clinical trials are looking for optimizing efficacy and decreasing immune-related adverse events. This review will discuss the existing body of knowledge with regard to cross-talk between immune system and tumor cells and then explore immune checkpoint-related signaling pathways in the context of breast tumors. Finally, we highlight the application of different immune checkpoint blockers in breast cancer patients. © 2021 Immunotherapy. All rights reserved.
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