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Immune Checkpoints and Reproductive Immunology: Pioneers in the Future Therapy of Infertility Related Disorders? Publisher Pubmed



Mohamed Khosroshahi L1 ; Parhizkar F2, 3, 4 ; Kachalaki S2 ; Aghebatimaleki A4 ; Aghebatimaleki L2, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  4. 4. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2021


Abstract

As co-stimulatory receptors, immune checkpoint molecules are found on the surface of various immune cells and transduce inhibitory signals following ligand binding. The most studied members in this regard include PD-1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4. The physiological part immune checkpoints possess is the prevention of dangerous immune attacks towards self-antigens throughout an immune response, which takes place through the negative regulation of the effector immune cells, through the induction of T-cell exhaustion, for instance. It has recently been suggested that each checkpoint reduces immunoactivation via distinct intracellular mechanisms of signaling. Regulators of immune checkpoints are supposed to participate actively in immune defense mechanisms against infections, preventing autoimmunity, transplantation, and tumor immune evasion. In pregnancy, as an active immunotolerance mechanism which is also natural, the maternal immune system encounters two simultaneous challenges; in addition to accepting the semi-allogeneic fetus, the maternal immune system should also prevent infections. In this regard, the part immune checkpoint molecules possess is particularly interesting. Herein, the current understanding of such part in reproductive immunology is described. © 2021
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