Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]

Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse] Publisher Pubmed

Behzadifar M¹ ; Behzadifar M¹ ; Aryankhesal A³ ; Ravaghi H³ ; Baradaran HR⁴ ; Sajadi HS⁵ ; Khaksarian M⁶ ; Bragazzi NL⁷

Show Affiliations

1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4. Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5. National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
7. School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Published:2020

Abstract

Background: Self-medication can lead to serious consequences but its overall prevalence in students is not known. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in students through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of self-medication in students across the world. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI/Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2017. Studies reporting the prevalence of self-treatment in university students were selected. Data recorded included year of publication, country where the study was conducted, sample size, prevalence of self-medication, sex and mean age of students, and faculty of students (medical or non-medical). A random-effect model was used to determine effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 test. A sensitivity analysis assessed stability of the findings. Results: A total of 89 studies were included in the analysis, which comprised 60 938 students. The overall prevalence of self-medication in university students was 70.1% (95% CI: 64.3–75.4%). Female students self-medicated more often than male students: odds ratio = 1.45 (95% CI%: 1.17–1.79). The prevalence of self-medication in medical students (97.2%) was higher than in non-medical students (44.7%). The I2 test indicated high, statistically significant heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among students worldwide is high. Programmes on the risks of self-medication and increasing control and monitoring of the sale of drugs are recommended. Facilitating students’ access to doctors and health centres could reduce self-medication in students. © World Health Organization (WHO) 2020.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Behzadifar M, et al.. "Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, vol. 26, no. 7, 2020, pp. 846-857.
APA	Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, Khaksarian M, Bragazzi NL (2020). Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), 846-857.
Chicago	Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, Khaksarian M, Bragazzi NL. "Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 26, no. 7 (2020): 846-857.
Harvard	Behzadifar M et al. (2020) 'Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]', Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), pp. 846-857.
Vancouver	Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, et al.. Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2020;26(7):846-857.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Behzadifar M and Behzadifar M and Aryankhesal A and Ravaghi H and Baradaran HR and Sajadi HS and Khaksarian M and Bragazzi NL}, title = {Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]}, journal = {Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal}, volume = {26}, number = {7}, pages = {846-857}, year = {2020} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Behzadifar M AU - Behzadifar M AU - Aryankhesal A AU - Ravaghi H AU - Baradaran HR AU - Sajadi HS AU - Khaksarian M AU - Bragazzi NL TI - Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse] JO - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal VL - 26 IS - 7 SP - 846 EP - 857 PY - 2020 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Behzadifar M, et al.. "Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, vol. 26, no. 7, 2020, pp. 846-857.

APA

Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, Khaksarian M, Bragazzi NL (2020). Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), 846-857.

Chicago

Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, Khaksarian M, Bragazzi NL. "Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 26, no. 7 (2020): 846-857.

Harvard

Behzadifar M et al. (2020) 'Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]', Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), pp. 846-857.

Vancouver

Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Aryankhesal A, Ravaghi H, Baradaran HR, Sajadi HS, et al.. Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2020;26(7):846-857.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Behzadifar M and Behzadifar M and Aryankhesal A and Ravaghi H and Baradaran HR and Sajadi HS and Khaksarian M and Bragazzi NL}, title = {Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]}, journal = {Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal}, volume = {26}, number = {7}, pages = {846-857}, year = {2020} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Behzadifar M
AU - Behzadifar M
AU - Aryankhesal A
AU - Ravaghi H
AU - Baradaran HR
AU - Sajadi HS
AU - Khaksarian M
AU - Bragazzi NL
TI - Prevalence of Self-Medication in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; [Prevalence De L’Automedication Chez Les Etudiants Universitaires: Examen Systematique Et Meta-Analyse]
JO - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
VL - 26
IS - 7
SP - 846
EP - 857
PY - 2020
ER -

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Authors

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Abstract