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The Role of Memory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes: Phenotypes, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications Publisher Pubmed



Fazeli P1 ; Abolhasani S2 ; Karamali N3 ; Hajivalili M4 ; Daryabor G5 ; Panji M6 ; Karimian M7 ; Hosseini M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  2. 2. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  4. 4. Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Autoimmune Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States

Source: Autoimmunity Reviews Published:2025


Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of insulin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets. Patients with T1D have autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that show specific features, indicating previous exposure to self-antigens. Despite that memory T cells are vital components of the adaptive immune system, providing enduring protection against pathogens; individuals with T1D have a higher proportion of memory T cells compared to healthy individuals with naїve phenotypes. Targeting memory T cells in newly diagnosed T1D patients has shown promising results, providing evidence for the significant role of memory T cells in this disease. There are various types of memory T cells, each with unique characteristics and functions. Recent advancements in understanding the complexity and heterogeneity of T cell subpopulations have shown that T1D cannot be fully understood through simple categorization. This review aims to discuss various types of memory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of T1D, focusing on their phenotypes and frequencies, as well as epigenetic and metabolic alterations. Additionally, it will address novel immunotherapeutic approaches targeting memory T cell subsets in T1D. © 2025
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