Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Immune Checkpoints and Graves’ Disease, Thyroid Eye Disease, and Orbital Myopathy: A Comprehensive Review Publisher



Souri Z1 ; Pakdel F2
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Oculo-Facial Plastic Surgery, Farabi Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research Published:2024


Abstract

Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are essential regulators of the immune system, ensuring a delicate balance between self-tolerance and autoimmune responses. ICP therapy is a rapidly growing cancer treatment strategy that inhibits the interaction between ICPs and their ligands. This biological interaction increases the ability of the immune system in combating cancer. However, in some cases, the use of these agents may lead to immune hyperactivity and, subsequently, autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), and orbital myopathy are complex autoimmune disorders characterized by the production of autoantibodies. The emergence of these treatment-related adverse events underscore the critical need for a deeper understanding of the immune-checkpoint axis in autoimmune diseases. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the biological mechanisms of ICPs that are most frequently targeted in cancer therapy, including CTLA-4, PD-1, PDL-1, and LAG3. Furthermore, we investigate the latest scientific findings on the adverse events associated with the inhibition of these ICPs. This paper will particularly focus on the potential risks these complications pose to ocular and orbital tissues, which are a concern in the context of cancer treatment. © 2024 Souri & Pakdel.
Other Related Docs
10. Biomarkers for Predicting the Outcome of Various Cancer Immunotherapies, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology (2021)
19. Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer, Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives (2018)
20. Immune Therapy of Melanoma: Overview of Therapeutic Vaccines, Journal of Cellular Physiology (2019)
22. Immunotherapy a New Hope for Cancer Treatment: A Review, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2018)
23. Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer, Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives (2019)
24. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Cancer Immunology: Bench to Bedside Immunotherapy of Cancers# Second Edition (2020)
28. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Melanoma, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (2021)
29. The Roles of Cd4+ T-Cells in Tumor Immunity, Cancer Immunology: A Translational Medicine Context# Second Edition (2020)
30. Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Orbital Diseases and Target Therapy for Orbital Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases, Translational Autoimmunity: Autoimmune Diseases in Different Organs (2022)
32. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy (2021)
35. Cancer Immunotherapy Confers a Global Benefit, Cancer Immunology: Cancer Immunotherapy for Organ-Specific Tumors (2020)
37. Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Literature Review, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2023)
40. Obstacles in the Development of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives (2018)
41. Cancer Immunotherapy: Diverse Approaches and Obstacles, Current Pharmaceutical Design (2022)
42. Macrophage’S Role in Solid Tumors: Two Edges of a Sword, Cancer Cell International (2023)
49. Cancer Immunology, Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity (2022)
50. The Immunogenetics of Alopecia Areata, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2022)