Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy

Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy Publisher Pubmed

Babamohamadi M^{1, 2, 3} ; Mohammadi N^{4, 5} ; Faryadi E^{4, 5} ; Haddadi M^{4, 5} ; Merati A^{4, 6} ; Ghobadinezhad F⁴ ; Amirian R^{4, 7} ; Izadi Z⁷ ; Hadjati J⁸

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1. Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2. Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4. Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
5. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
6. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
7. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
8. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Cell death & disease Published:2024

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most common diseases and causes of death worldwide. Since common treatment approaches do not yield acceptable results in many patients, developing innovative strategies for effective treatment is necessary. Immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches that has been highly regarded for preventing tumor recurrence and new metastases. Meanwhile, inhibiting immune checkpoints is one of the most attractive methods of cancer immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential immune molecule that plays a vital role in cell cycle modulation, regulation of T cell proliferation, and cytokine production. This molecule is classically expressed by stimulated T cells. Inhibition of overexpression of immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 receptors has been confirmed as an effective strategy. In cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint-blocking drugs can be enhanced with nanobodies that target immune checkpoint molecules. Nanobodies are derived from the variable domain of heavy antibody chains. These small protein fragments have evolved entirely without a light chain and can be used as a powerful tool in imaging and treating diseases with their unique structure. They have a low molecular weight, which makes them smaller than conventional antibodies while still being able to bind to specific antigens. In addition to low molecular weight, specific binding to targets, resistance to temperature, pH, and enzymes, high ability to penetrate tumor tissues, and low toxicity make nanobodies an ideal approach to overcome the disadvantages of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In this article, while reviewing the cellular and molecular functions of CTLA-4, the structure and mechanisms of nanobodies' activity, and their delivery methods, we will explain the advantages and challenges of using nanobodies, emphasizing immunotherapy treatments based on anti-CTLA-4 nanobodies. © 2024. The Author(s).

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Babamohamadi M, et al.. "Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy." Cell death & disease, vol. 15, no. 1, 2024, pp. 17-.
APA	Babamohamadi M, Mohammadi N, Faryadi E, Haddadi M, Merati A, Ghobadinezhad F, Amirian R, Izadi Z, Hadjati J (2024). Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell death & disease, 15(1), 17-.
Chicago	Babamohamadi M, Mohammadi N, Faryadi E, Haddadi M, Merati A, Ghobadinezhad F, Amirian R, Izadi Z, Hadjati J. "Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy." Cell death & disease 15, no. 1 (2024): 17-.
Harvard	Babamohamadi M et al. (2024) 'Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy', Cell death & disease, 15(1), pp. 17-.
Vancouver	Babamohamadi M, Mohammadi N, Faryadi E, Haddadi M, Merati A, Ghobadinezhad F, et al.. Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell death & disease. 2024;15(1):17-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Babamohamadi M and Mohammadi N and Faryadi E and Haddadi M and Merati A and Ghobadinezhad F and Amirian R and Izadi Z and Hadjati J}, title = {Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy}, journal = {Cell death & disease}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {17-}, year = {2024} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Babamohamadi M AU - Mohammadi N AU - Faryadi E AU - Haddadi M AU - Merati A AU - Ghobadinezhad F AU - Amirian R AU - Izadi Z AU - Hadjati J TI - Anti-Ctla-4 Nanobody As a Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy JO - Cell death & disease VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - PY - 2024 ER -

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Abstract