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Rosemary and Its Protective Potencies Against Covid-19 and Other Cytokine Storm Associated Infections: A Molecular Review Publisher



Shiravi A1 ; Akbari A2 ; Mohammadi Z3 ; Khalilian MS1 ; Zeinalian A1 ; Zeinalian M1, 4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
  4. 4. Iranians Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA), Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Published:2021


Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, medicinal plants have attracted great interest in treatment of human diseases. Rosemary is a well-known medicinal plant which has been widely used for different therapeutic purposes. METHODS: This is a narrative review using databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and google scholar, the most authoritative articles were searched, screened, and analyzed. RESULTS: Rosemary is a natural antioxidant which removes reactive oxygen species from tissues and increases expression on Nrf2 gene. Rosemary and its metabolites reduce inflammation by inhibiting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreasing expression of NF-κB, inhibiting infiltration of immune cells to inflamed sites, and affecting gut microbiome. Besides, rosmarinic acid in rosemary extract has positive effects on renin-angiotensin-system. Rosemary affects respiratory system by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle spasm, and also through anti-fibrotic properties. Carnosic acid is able to penetrate blood-brain-barrier and act against free radicals, ischemia and neurodegeneration in brain. Cardioprotective effects include correcting lipid profile, controlling blood pressure by inhibition of ACE, prevention of atherosclerosis, and reduction of cardiac muscle hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, rosemary supplementation has potential protective effects against COVID-19 and other cytokine storm associated infections, a conclusion that needs more evaluations in the next clinical trials. © 2021-IOS Press. All rights reserved.
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