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The Role of Vitamin D in the Age of Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Ghasemian R1 ; Shamshirian A2, 3 ; Heydari K3, 4 ; Malekan M4 ; Alizadehnavaei R3 ; Ebrahimzadeh MA5 ; Ebrahimi Warkiani M6, 7 ; Jafarpour H4 ; Razavi Bazaz S6 ; Rezaei Shahmirzadi A8 ; Khodabandeh M9 ; Seyfari B10 ; Motamedzadeh A11 ; Dadgostar E12 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Ghasemian R1
  2. Shamshirian A2, 3
  3. Heydari K3, 4
  4. Malekan M4
  5. Alizadehnavaei R3
  6. Ebrahimzadeh MA5
  7. Ebrahimi Warkiani M6, 7
  8. Jafarpour H4
  9. Razavi Bazaz S6
  10. Rezaei Shahmirzadi A8
  11. Khodabandeh M9
  12. Seyfari B10
  13. Motamedzadeh A11
  14. Dadgostar E12
  15. Aalinezhad M13
  16. Sedaghat M14
  17. Razzaghi N8
  18. Zarandi B15
  19. Asadi A5
  20. Yaghoubi Naei V16
  21. Beheshti R5
  22. Hessami A2
  23. Azizi S17
  24. Mohseni AR17, 18
  25. Shamshirian D19
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  3. 3. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  5. 5. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
  6. 6. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
  7. 7. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  8. 8. Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  9. 9. Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  17. 17. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  18. 18. Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  19. 19. Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximise the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review. Results: Twenty-three studies containing 11 901 participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 are 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4). Conclusion: This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin-D-deficient individuals and about five times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin-D-deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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