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The Association Between Carotenoid Intake, Mental Health, and Sleep Quality Among University Students Publisher Pubmed



Boozari B1, 2 ; Moradi S2 ; Heydarpour F3 ; Clark CCT4 ; Nezamoleslami S5 ; Saneei P1, 5 ; Safavi SM1, 2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  4. 4. Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Sleep and Breathing Published:2022


Abstract

Background: The impact of carotenoid intake on the risk of mental disorders and poor sleep quality is unclear. Thus, we sought to examine the association between carotenoid intake, mental health, and sleep quality among university students. Methods: A total of 368 healthy university students (181 men, 49%), aged 18 to 43 years, volunteered for this study. Dietary intake, physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. A multivariable logistic regression analysis test was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.9 ± 3.9 years and mean BMI was 23.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. The students in the highest quartile of carotenoid intake had a significantly lower risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.40; P < 0.001) and depression (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.59; P = 0.001). In the sex-stratified subgroup analysis, the depression risk was significant for men (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.59; P = 0.007), but not for women. Furthermore, we did not observe any specific relationship between carotenoid intake and the risk of anxiety or stress. Conclusion: It appears that the students with higher carotenoid intake may have a better quality of sleep and lower risk of depression. More longitudinal and in-depth qualitative and quantitative research, with a longer-term follow-up, is needed to support the veracity of our findings. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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