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Mxene-Based Composites Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Current Trends and Future Perspectives Publisher



Iravani S1 ; Varma RS2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  2. 2. Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 1402/2 1, Liberec, Czech Republic

Source: RSC Advances Published:2023


Abstract

Today, finding novel nanomaterial-based strategies to combat bacterial resistance is an important field of science. MXene-based composites have shown excellent antimicrobial potential owing to their fascinating properties such as excellent photothermal effects, highly active sites, large interlayer spacing, unique chemical structures, and hydrophilicity; they have great potential to damage the bacterial cells by rupturing the bacterial cell membranes, enhancing the permeability across the membrane, causing DNA damages, reducing the metabolic activity, and generating oxidative stress. After inserting into or attaching on the surface of pathogenic bacteria, these two-dimensional structures can cause bacterial membrane disruption and cell content leakage owing to their sharp edges. Remarkably, MXenes and their composites with excellent photothermal performance have been studied in photothermal antibacterial therapy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria and suppress chronic wound infections, thus providing new opportunities for multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing. But, details about the possible interactions between MXene-based nanosystems and bacterial cell membranes are rather scarce. Also, the mechanisms of photothermal antibacterial therapy as well as synergistic tactics including photothermal, photodynamic or chemo-photothermal therapy still need to be uncovered. This review endeavors to delineate critical issues pertaining to the application of MXene-based composites against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, focusing on their photocatalytic inactivation, physical damage, and photothermal antibacterial therapy. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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