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Effects of a Moderately-Restricted Carbohydrate Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Women With Metabolic Syndrome



Rajaie S1 ; Azadbakht L2 ; Khazaei M3 ; Esmaillzadeh A1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Food Sciences and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Journal of Isfahan Medical School Published:2012

Abstract

Background: The growing epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been accompanied with dietary fat restriction and carbohydrate elevation. We evaluated the efficacy of moderately-restricted carbohydrate diet on features of the MetS in women. Methods: In a randomized cross-over clinical trial, 30 overweight or obese (Body mass index > 25 kg/m2) women with the MetS were enrolled. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either a high-carbohydrate (HC) (60-65% carbohydrates, 20-25% fats) or a moderately-restricted carbohydrate (MRC) (43-47% carbohydrate, 36-40% fats) diet. Diets were continued for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period. Anthropometrics, blood pressure and biochemical variables were measured before and after each intervention period. Findings: Despite similar weight loss in both diets, the efficacy of MRC diet in reducing waist (-3.9 vs. -2.6 cm; P = 0.07) and hip circumferences (-2.7 vs. -1.5 cm; P = 0.07) was marginally greater compared with HC diet. In contrast to HC diet, MRC diet resulted in favorable changes in serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations (0.13 vs. -31.3 mg/dL; P = 0.07). This was also the case for TG to high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (-0.9 vs. -0.1; P = 0.06). The reductions in systolic blood pressure (-8.93 vs. -2.97 mmHg; P = 0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (-12.7 vs. -1.77 mmHg; P = 0.001) by MRC diet were higher than those by HC diet. The prevalence of MetS was significantly decreased only by MRC diet (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Partial replacement of dietary carbohydrates by unsaturated fats might be recommended as an effective strategy for treatment of MetS.
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