Bio‐Inspired and Smart Nanoparticles for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Microenvironment Publisher



Shokooh MK¹ ; Emami F² ; Jeong JH³ ; Yook S²
Source: Pharmaceutics Published:2021

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis and aggressive nature accounts for 10–20% of all invasive breast cancer (BC) cases and is detected in as much as 15% of individuals diagnosed with BC. Currently, due to the absence of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor, there is no hormone‐based therapy for TNBC. In addition, there are still no FDA‐approved targeted therapies for patients with TNBC. TNBC treatment is challenging owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic side effects, the chance of metastasis, and multiple drug‐resistance. Therefore, various bio‐inspired tumor‐homing nano systems responding to intra‐ and extra‐ cellular stimuli are an urgent need to treat TNBC patients who do not respond to current chemotherapy. In this review, intensive efforts have been made for exploring cell‐membrane coated nanoparticles and immune cell‐targeted nanoparticles (immunotherapy) to modulate the tumor microenvironment and deliver accurate amounts of therapeutic agents to TNBC without stimulating the immune system. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.