Effects of Dietary Whole Grain, Fruit, and Vegetables on Weight and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Women Publisher Pubmed



Arabzadegan N¹ ; Daneshzad E² ; Fatahi S² ; Moosavian SP³ ; Surkan PJ⁴ ; Azadbakht L^{2, 3, 5}
Source: Eating and Weight Disorders Published:2020

Abstract

Purpose: The separate effects of whole grain (WG) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) diets on inflammatory biomarkers have not been assessed. Therefore, we evaluated these two high-fiber diets in relation to inflammation indices in obese and overweight women. Study design: Parallel randomized clinical trial. Methods: In the present study, 75 women were recruited and randomly assigned to three diet groups: a whole grain diet (WG-D) group, F&V group, and a combined whole grain and F&V diet group (WGFV-D) for 10 weeks. As a “feeding trial” all participants were asked to visit the clinic daily and eat prescribed foods in the presence of a nutritionist. Anthropometric indices and biochemical biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks of the trial. Results: Each of the three diet groups showed significant changes in serum biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, D-dimer, and serum fibrinogen) after following the diet for 10 weeks (P = 0.01). In adjusted models, significant changes were observed for CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, D-dimer, and serum fibrinogen (P = 0.01). In a model adjusted for malondialdehyde (MDA) level, a trend toward significance was observed (P = 0.05). Consumption of all three different diets for 10 weeks showed statistically significant change for all biomarkers (P < 0.05) the most notable changes in inflammatory indices were observed among participants following the WG diet. Conclusions: Study results indicate that consumption of high-fiber diets, especially the WG diet, can help lower inflammatory levels and prevent subsequent adverse health consequences. Level of Evidence: Level I, randomized controlled trial. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.