Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Paraclinical Findings in Iranian Veterans Exposed to Sulfur Mustard Gas: A Literature Review Publisher Pubmed



Razavi SM1 ; Saghafinia M2 ; Salamati P3
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Source: Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition Published:2017


Abstract

Objective Sulfur mustard (SM) causes various systemic disturbances in human beings. This study aimed to assess paraclinical changes caused by exposure to SM gas in Iranian veterans during the war between Iraq and Iran. Methods A literature review was carried out in international and national medical databases including ISI, Medline, Scopus, Iranmedex and Irandoc. Both Farsi and English literature were searched. Results Search of the literature yielded 422 medical articles related to SM poisoning. Among them, 30 relevant articles were thoroughly reviewed. The most important reported complications were leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, increased bleeding time, positive C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), decreased T helper cells, natural killer cells, IL6, and IL8 levels, elevation of serum immunoglobulins, decreased levels of T3, T4 and cortisol, increased level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated liver enzymes. Also, there were some changes in chest assessments. Conclusions SM causes profound systemic complications in victims, even years after exposure. The paraclinical changes can be observed in hematology, immune system, biochemistry, hormonal profile and some imaging studies. © 2017 Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Cancer Events After Acute or Chronic Exposure to Sulfur Mustard: A Review of the Literature, International Journal of Preventive Medicine (2016)
2. Advice on Assistance and Protection Provided by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: Part 3. on Medical Care and Treatment of Injuries From Sulfur Mustard, Toxicology (2021)
3. An Evidence-Based Review of the Genotoxic and Reproductive Effects of Sulfur Mustard, Archives of Toxicology (2017)
4. Diagnostic Bronchoscopy in Sulfur Mustard Induced Chronic Respiratory Disorders, Burns (2015)
5. Investigating Prevalence and Pattern of Long-Term Cardiovascular Disorders in Sulphur Mustard-Exposed Victims and Determining Proper Biomarkers for Early Defining, Monitoring and Analysis of Patients’ Feedback on Therapy, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (2017)
6. Incidence of Self-Reported Interpersonal Violence Related Physical Injury in Iran, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (2015)
7. The Late Clinical and Forensic Symptoms and Signs of Sulfur Mustard, Burns (2015)
8. Tgf-Β and Th17 Cells Related Injuries in Patients With Sulfur Mustard Exposure, Journal of Cellular Physiology (2018)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Payman Salamati (6)
Rasoul Aliannejad (4)
Other Related Docs
9. Risks of On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Due to Sulfur Mustard, Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii (2017)
10. Immunology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sulfur Mustard Induced Airway Injuries: Implications for Immunotherapeutic Interventions, Current Pharmaceutical Design (2016)
11. Characterization of Lung Fibroblasts More Than Two Decades After Mustard Gas Exposure, PLoS ONE (2015)
12. The Predictive Association Between Radiological Findings and Lung Cancer Development in Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard Gas: 4 Decades Follow up of 719 Victims, BMC Pulmonary Medicine (2022)
13. Sulfur Mustard and Immunology; Trends of 20 Years Research in the Web of Science Core Collection: A Scientometric Review, Iranian Journal of Public Health (2020)
14. Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures Among Iranian Chemical Warfare Survivors Exposed to Sulfur Mustard, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2022)
15. Circulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Patients With Long-Term Pulmonary Complications, Toxicology Letters (2019)
16. The Footprint of Tgf-Β in Airway Remodeling of the Mustard Lung, Inhalation Toxicology (2015)
17. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Patients With Burn Injuries Due to Sulfur Mustard Exposure, Burns (2016)
18. Association of Hormone Profile With Various Respiratory Disorders in Sulfur Mustard-Chemical Veterans, International Immunopharmacology (2025)
19. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -Based Metabolomics Analysis of Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard in Different Stages Using Random Forest Method, Koomesh (2016)
20. Mustard Gas-Induced Ocular Surface Disorders: An Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Management, Cornea (2023)
21. Long-Term Complications of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: Retinal Electrophysiological Assessment in 40 Severely Intoxicated Iranian Veterans, International Journal of Retina and Vitreous (2017)
22. Chemical Exposure and Alveolar Macrophages Responses: 'The Role of Pulmonary Defense Mechanism in Inhalation Injuries', BMJ Open Respiratory Research (2023)
23. Sulfur Mustard Exposure and Non-Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences (2016)
24. Estimation of Exercise Tolerance in Low Dose Sulphur Mustard Exposed Cases With Dyspnea Using a Novel Estimation Framework, 9th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology# IKT 2017 (2017)
25. Health Problems in Survivors Exposed to Sulfur Mustard With Severe Respiratory Complications, Iranian Journal of War and Public Health (2021)
26. Comparison of Health Related Quality of Life Between Two Groups of Veteran and Non-Veteran Spinal Cord Injured Patients, Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2015)
27. Th17/Treg Immunoregulation and Implications in Treatment of Sulfur Mustard Gas-Induced Lung Diseases, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (2017)
28. Long Term Follow-Up of Sulfur Mustard Related Bronchiolitis Obliterans Treatment, Acta Medica Iranica (2016)
29. Cellular Senescence Implication in Mustard Keratopathy, Experimental Eye Research (2023)
30. Nmr Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomic Study of Serum in Sulfur Mustard Exposed Patients With Lung Disease, Biomarkers (2017)
31. Nmr- and Gc/Ms-Based Metabolomics of Sulfur Mustard Exposed Individuals: A Pilot Study, Biomarkers (2016)
32. The Effectiveness of Different Treatment Modalities for the Management of Ocular Injuries Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure, Letters in Drug Design and Discovery (2018)
33. Skin Manifestations in Sulfur Mustard Exposed Victims With Ophthalmologic Complications: Association Between Early and Late Phase, Toxicology Reports (2016)