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Intestinal Transplantation: Significance of Immune Responses Publisher Pubmed



Assadiasl S1, 2 ; Nicknam MH1, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Published:2024


Abstract

Intestinal allografts, with many resident immune cells and as a destination for circulating lymphocytes of the recipient, appear to be the most challenging solid organ transplants. The high incidence of acute rejection and frequent reports of fatal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after intestinal transplantation call for more research to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis of post-transplant complications to define new therapeutic targets. In addition, according to the rapid development of immunosuppressive agents, it is time to consider novel therapeutic approaches in managing treatment-refractory patients with rejection or severe GvHD. Herein, the main immunological challenges before and after intestinal transplant including, brain-dead donor inflammation, acute rejection, antibody-mediated, and chronic rejections, as well as GvHD have been described. Besides, the new immune-based therapies used in experimental and clinical settings to improve tolerance toward intestinal allograft, and cases of operational tolerance have been reviewed. © 2024 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology