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Bulk-Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Developing Highly-Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposites Publisher



Jouyandeh M1 ; Ganjali MR1, 2 ; Aghazadeh M1 ; Habibzadeh S3 ; Formela K4 ; Saeb MR1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran
  2. 2. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 1591639675, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland

Source: Polymers Published:2020


Abstract

Surface modification of nanoparticles with functional molecules has become a routine method to compensate for diffusion-controlled crosslinking of thermoset polymer composites at late stages of crosslinking, while bulk modification has not carefully been discussed. In this work, a highly-crosslinked model polymer nanocomposite based on epoxy and surface-bulk functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed. MNPs were synthesized electrochemically, and then polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-functionalized (PEG-MNPs) and PEG-functionalized cobalt-doped (Co-PEG-MNPs) particles were developed and used in nanocomposite preparation. Various analyses including field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed in characterization of surface and bulk of PEG-MNPs and Co-PEG-MNPs. Epoxy nanocomposites including the aforementioned MNPs were prepared and analyzed by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study their curing potential in epoxy/amine system. Analyses based on Cure Index revealed that incorporation of 0.1 wt. % of Co-PEG-MNPs into epoxy led to Excellent cure at all heating rates, which uncovered the assistance of bulk modification of nanoparticles to the crosslinking of model epoxy nanocomposites. Isoconversional methods revealed higher activation energy for the completely crosslinked epoxy/Co-PEG-MNPs nanocomposite compared to the neat epoxy. The kinetic model based on isoconversional methods was verified by the experimental rate of cure reaction. © 2020 by the authors.
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