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The Importance of Gut Microbiota on Choline Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases Publisher Pubmed



Eslami M1 ; Alibabaei F2 ; Babaeizad A3 ; Banihashemian SZ3 ; Mazandarani M4 ; Hoseini A5 ; Ramezankhah M6 ; Oksenych V7 ; Yousefi B8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35134, Iran
  2. 2. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35134, Iran
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35134, Iran
  4. 4. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 11369, Iran
  5. 5. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 49414, Iran
  6. 6. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47134, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
  8. 8. Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35134, Iran

Source: Biomolecules Published:2024


Abstract

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that influences digestion, immune response, metabolism, and has been linked to health and well-being. Choline is essential for neurotransmitters, lipid transport, cell-membrane signaling, methyl-group metabolism and is believed to have neuroprotective properties. It is found in two forms, water-soluble and lipid-soluble, and its metabolism is different. Long-term choline deficiency is associated with many diseases, and supplements are prescribed for improved health. Choline supplements can improve cognitive function in adults but not significantly. Choline is a precursor of phospholipids and an acetylcholine neurotransmitter precursor and can be generated de novo from phosphatidylcholine via phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase and choline oxidase. Choline supplementation has been found to have a beneficial effect on patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by increasing amyloid-β, thioflavin S, and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Choline supplementation has been shown to reduce amyloid-plaque load and develop spatial memory in an APP/PS1 mice model of AD. Choline is necessary for normative and improved function of brain pathways and can reduce amyloid-β deposition and microgliosis. Clinical research suggests that early neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) can benefit from a combination of choline supplements and the drugs currently used to treat NDs in order to improve memory performance and synaptic functioning. © 2024 by the authors.
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