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Life-Course Effects of Sleep on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Publisher



Badihian N1 ; Badihian S2 ; Poursafa P3 ; Kelishadi R1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatrics Department and USERN Office, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  3. 3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Integrated Science Published:2022


Abstract

Almost all organisms have sleep time. In humans, about one third of life is spent in sleeping or trying to fall asleep. Obtaining the standard sleep in each of the life periods is of crucial importance. Adequate duration, good quality, appropriate timing and regularity, along with absence of any associated sleep disorders are the main features of a standard sleep. Genes, gender, and age mainly determine the sleep needs. Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of multiple body organs and systems; thus, its problems will adversely affect nearly all body organs. These adverse health consequences depend on the chronicity of the problem, age, and type of the sleep disturbance. It seems that the adverse effects following sleep disturbances are more prominent in the brain in younger population, i.e., children and adolescents, while adults and older ages experience more chronic diseases. In addition to increasing mortality, sleep problems have short- and long-term impact on increasing the risk of several chronic disorders including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hormonal imbalances, cognitive and mental health problems, cancer, osteoporosis, and stroke. In the present chapter, we will first briefly explain the mechanisms of sleep regulation and the characteristics of a standard sleep. Then, we will summarize the importance and benefits of a life-course healthy sleep, as well as acute and chronic adverse health effects of sleep disturbances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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