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Socioeconomic Determinants As Risk Factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Case-Control Study in Iran Publisher Pubmed



Azimi S1 ; Rafieian N2, 5 ; Manifar S3 ; Ghorbani Z4 ; Tennant M1 ; Kruger E1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
  2. 2. Oral Medicine Department, Dental School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Community Oral Health Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Dietary supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Published:2018


Abstract

Our aim was to assess the association between different components of sociodemographic status and the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck after we had adjusted for the influence of the known behavioural risk factors of smoking and drinking alcohol. We selected 146 patients with histopathologically-confirmed SCC of the head and neck, and matched them for age and sex with 266 healthy controls for this case-control study. Personal details, occupation, socioeconomic status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were recorded. The association of sociodemographic variables with oral cancer was evaluated both separately and with a composite socioeconomic index. Chi squared tests, adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% CI were computed using logistic regression to estimate the effect. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the composite socioeconomic index (p < 0.001). The group with “low” socioeconomic status had the highest risk of oral cancer (OR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.28 to 11.82). Better-educated people with higher incomes had a lower risk of SCC of the head and neck after we had controlled for behavioural risk factors. However, marital and employment status and place of residence were not significantly associated with risk. Our findings confirm that some socioeconomic determinants were associated with the development of oral cancer in this study group. © 2018 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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