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Family History of Cancer and the Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oesophagus: A Case-Control Study in Kashmir, India Publisher Pubmed



Bhat GA1 ; Shah IA1 ; Rafiq R1 ; Nabi S1 ; Iqbal B1 ; Lone MM2 ; Islami F3, 4 ; Boffetta P5 ; Dar NA1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
  2. 2. Departments of Radiation Oncology, SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, 190011, India
  3. 3. Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
  4. 4. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14117, Iran
  5. 5. Tisch Cancer Institute, Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

Source: British Journal of Cancer Published:2015


Abstract

Background: Only a few studies have examined the association between family history of cancer (FHC) and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high incidence areas of ESCC. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between FHC and ESCC risk in Kashmir, India, with analysis of detailed epidemiological data and information on multiple gene polymorphisms.Methods: We collected detailed information on FHC and a number of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, and also obtained blood samples for genetic analysis from 703 histopathologically confirmed ESCC cases and 1664 individually matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results: Participants who had FHC showed a strong association with ESCC risk, and the risk was stronger when first-degree relatives (FDRs) had FHC (OR=6.8; 95% CI=4.6-9.9). Having a sibling with a cancer showed the strongest association (OR=10.8; 95% CI=6.0-19.3), but having a child with a cancer was not associated with ESCC risk. A history of any cancer in the spouse was also associated with ESCC risk (OR=4.1; 95% CI=1.6-10.2). Those with two or more relatives with FHC were at a higher risk of ESCC. After restricting FHC to familial ESCC only, the above associations were strengthened, except when spouses were affected with ESCC (OR=2.5; 95% CI=0.7-8.9). When we examined the associations between several single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ESCC in those with and without FHC, the associations of variant genotypes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and CYP2D6 and the wild genotype of CYP2E1 with ESCC were much stronger in those with FHC. The FHC had an additive interaction with several risk factors of ESCC in this population.Conclusion: Our results showed that FHC was strongly associated with ESCC risk in Kashmir. It seems both genetic factors and shared environment are involved in this association. © 2015 Cancer Research UK. All rights reserved.
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