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Volatile Organic Compounds and Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease: A Case-Cohort Study Publisher



Nalini M1, 2 ; Poustchi H3 ; Bhandari D4 ; Chang CM4 ; Blount BC4 ; Wang L4 ; Feng J4 ; Gross A5 ; Khoshnia M2 ; Pourshams A2 ; Sotoudeh M2 ; Gail MH6 ; Graubard BI6 ; Dawsey SM1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Nalini M1, 2
  2. Poustchi H3
  3. Bhandari D4
  4. Chang CM4
  5. Blount BC4
  6. Wang L4
  7. Feng J4
  8. Gross A5
  9. Khoshnia M2
  10. Pourshams A2
  11. Sotoudeh M2
  12. Gail MH6
  13. Graubard BI6
  14. Dawsey SM1
  15. Kamangar F7
  16. Boffetta P8, 9
  17. Brennan P10
  18. Abnet CC1
  19. Malekzadeh R2
  20. Freedman ND1
  21. Etemadi A1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  2. 2. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  5. 5. Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
  6. 6. Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  7. 7. Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  8. 8. Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
  9. 9. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  10. 10. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Source: American Journal of Preventive Cardiology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major components of air pollution and tobacco smoke, two known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. VOCs are ubiquitous in the environment and originate from a wide range of sources, including the burning of biomass, fossil fuels, and consumer products. Direct evidence for associations between specific VOCs and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the general population is scarce. Methods: In a case-cohort study (stratified by age groups, sex, residence, and tobacco smoking), nested within the population-based Golestan cohort study (n = 50,045, 40–75 years, 58% women, enrollment: 2004–2008) in northeastern Iran, we measured urinary concentrations of 20 smoking-related VOC biomarkers using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. We calculated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for their associations with IHD mortality during follow-up to 2018, using Cox regression models adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, wealth, and urinary cotinine. Results: There were 575 non-cases from random subcohort and 601 participants who died from IHD, mean (standard deviation) age, 58.2 (9.3) years, with a median of 8.4 years follow-up. Significant associations [3rd vs. 1st tertile, HR (95% CI), P for trend] were observed between biomarkers of acrylamide [1.68(1.05,2.69), 0.025], acrylonitrile [2.06(1.14,3.72), 0.058], acrolein [1.98(1.30,3.01), 0.003 and 2.44(1.43,4.18), 0.002], styrene/ethylbenzene [1.83(1.19,2.84), 0.007 and 1.44(1.01,2.07), 0.046], dimethylformamide/methylisocyanate [2.15(1.33,3.50), 0.001], and 1,3butadiene [2.35(1.52,3.63),<0.001] and IHD mortality. These associations were independent of tobacco smoking, and they were only present in the non-smoking subgroup. Conclusion: Our findings provide direct evidence for associations between exposure to several VOCs with widespread household and commercial use and IHD mortality many years after these exposures. These results highlight the importance of VOC exposure in the general population as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and underline the importance of bio-monitoring non-tobacco VOC exposure. © 2024
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