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The Global Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in 2017: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Publisher Pubmed



Force LM1, 2 ; Abdollahpour I4, 7 ; Advani SM8, 10 ; Agius D11 ; Ahmadian E12, 14 ; Alahdab F15 ; Alam T16 ; Alebel A22 ; Alipour V23 ; Allen CA16 ; Almasihashiani A4 ; Alvarez EM30 ; Amini S5 ; Amoako YA31 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Force LM1, 2
  2. Abdollahpour I4, 7
  3. Advani SM8, 10
  4. Agius D11
  5. Ahmadian E12, 14
  6. Alahdab F15
  7. Alam T16
  8. Alebel A22
  9. Alipour V23
  10. Allen CA16
  11. Almasihashiani A4
  12. Alvarez EM30
  13. Amini S5
  14. Amoako YA31
  15. Anber NH32
  16. Arabloo J23
  17. Artaman A34
  18. Atique S36, 37
  19. Awasthi A38, 40
  20. Bagherzadeh M41
  21. Basaleem H42
  22. Bekru ET43
  23. Bijani A44
  24. Bogale KA46
  25. Car M51, 54
  26. Carvalho F55, 58
  27. Castro C59, 60
  28. Catalalopez F62, 63
  29. Chu DT64, 65
  30. Costa VM56, 57
  31. Darwish AH66
  32. Demeke FM47
  33. Demis AB67, 68
  34. Demoz GT69, 71
  35. Dharmaratne SD16, 72
  36. Do HP74
  37. Doan LP73
  38. Dubey M75
  39. Eftekhari A12, 76
  40. Elkhatib Z78
  41. Emamian MH79
  42. Abbasalizad Farhangi M13
  43. Fernandes E57
  44. Fischer F80
  45. Fouladi Fard R81, 82
  46. Friedrich PM1, 2
  47. Fukumoto T83, 84
  48. Gedefaw GA50, 86
  49. Ghashghaee A24
  50. Gholamian A25, 87
  51. Hajmirzaian A88, 97
  52. Hajmirzaian A88, 97
  53. Hamidi S100
  54. Harvey JD16
  55. Hassen HY101, 102
  56. Hay SI16, 17
  57. Hoang CL74
  58. Hole MK103
  59. Horita N9, 104
  60. Hosseini SN105
  61. Hosseinzadeh M107, 108
  62. Hsairi M110
  63. Hudson MM1, 3
  64. Innos K111
  65. Jalilian F119
  66. James SL16
  67. Kasaeian A89, 95
  68. Kassa TD113
  69. Kassebaum NJ16, 18
  70. Keiyoro PN115
  71. Khader YS116
  72. Khubchandani J117
  73. Kianipour N120
  74. Kirby J2
  75. Kisa A123, 124
  76. Kisa S125
  77. Kocarnik JM16, 126
  78. Lauriola P127
  79. Lopez AD16, 129
  80. Magi M112
  81. Malik MA130, 131
  82. Manafi A26
  83. Manafi N27, 35
  84. Mansournia MA90
  85. Massenburg BB19
  86. Mehta V132
  87. Meles HG114
  88. Meretoja TJ133, 134
  89. Mestrovic T135, 136
  90. Mirzaeialavijeh M119
  91. Mir SM45, 138
  92. Mohammad DK139
  93. Darwesh AM109
  94. Mezerji NMG140
  95. Mohammadibakhsh R141
  96. Mohammadookhorasani M143
  97. Mokdad AH16, 17
  98. Moodley Y144
  99. Moosazadeh M145
  100. Moossavi M148
  101. Moradpour F149
  102. Morrison SD20
  103. Muchie KF150
  104. Naghavi M16, 17
  105. Nazari J6, 106
  106. Ngunjiri JW151
  107. Nguyen CT152
  108. Nguyen LH74
  109. Nguyen SH74
  110. Nguyen TH74
  111. Nixon MR16
  112. Olagunju AT153, 155
  113. Olagunju TO154
  114. Ong SK53, 156
  115. Paapsi K111
  116. Pennini A16
  117. Pereira DM57, 61
  118. Pillay JD157
  119. Qorbani M158
  120. Rabiee M159
  121. Rabiee N41, 160
  122. Raoofi S24
  123. Rawaf DL52, 161
  124. Rawaf S51, 162
  125. Reiner RC16, 17
  126. Rezaei N91, 163
  127. Rezapour A23
  128. Roba KT85
  129. Robison LL3
  130. Rodriguezgalindo C1, 2
  131. Roshandel G92, 137
  132. Safiri S77
  133. Salahshoor M164
  134. Salehi Zahabi S121
  135. Samy AM165
  136. Santric Milicevic MM166
  137. Satpathy M167, 168
  138. Sawyer SM128, 169
  139. Seyedmousavi S93, 146
  140. Shabaninejad H28
  141. Shaikh MA170
  142. Shamshirian A147
  143. Shamsizadeh M142
  144. Shirkoohi R94, 96
  145. Siabani S118, 171
  146. Singh JA172, 173
  147. Siramlee K54
  148. Tabaresseisdedos R174, 175
  149. Temsah MH176, 177
  150. Tran BX178
  151. Ullah I179, 180
  152. Vahedianazimi A181
  153. Vollset SE16, 17
  154. Vos T16, 17
  155. Waheed Y182
  156. Weldesamuel GT70
  157. Workie HM48
  158. Xu R16
  159. Yaseri M90, 98
  160. Yonemoto N183
  161. Yu C184, 185
  162. Zadnik V186
  163. Zahirian Moghadam T23, 187
  164. Zaidi Z188
  165. Zangeneh A119
  166. Zewale TA49
  167. Ziapour A29
  168. Zodpey S39
  169. Murray CJL16, 17
  170. Fitzmaurice C16, 21
  171. Bhakta N1, 2, 3
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
  2. 2. Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  5. 5. Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  7. 7. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  9. 9. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  10. 10. Cancer Prevention and Control, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  11. 11. Department of Health, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Pieta, Malta
  12. 12. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  14. 14. Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  15. 15. Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  16. 16. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  17. 17. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  18. 18. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  19. 19. Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  20. 20. Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  21. 21. Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  22. 22. Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  23. 23. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  24. 24. Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Physiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  26. 26. Department of Plastic Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Department of Health Policy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  30. 30. Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
  31. 31. Department of Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
  32. 32. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  33. 33. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  34. 34. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  35. 35. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  36. 36. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  37. 37. Public Health Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  38. 38. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  39. 39. Indian Institute of Public Health, India
  40. 40. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  41. 41. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  42. 42. University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
  43. 43. College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
  44. 44. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  45. 45. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  46. 46. Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  47. 47. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  48. 48. Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  49. 49. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  50. 50. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  51. 51. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  52. 52. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  53. 53. NCD Prevention & Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Zagreb, Croatia
  54. 54. Ministry of Health, Zagreb, Croatia
  55. 55. Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  56. 56. UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  57. 57. REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  58. 58. Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  59. 59. Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  60. 60. EpiUnit, Instituto de Saude Publica, Cartagena, Colombia
  61. 61. University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  62. 62. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  63. 63. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  64. 64. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  65. 65. Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  66. 66. Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
  67. 67. Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  68. 68. Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  69. 69. School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  70. 70. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  71. 71. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  72. 72. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  73. 73. Center of Excellence in Health Service Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  74. 74. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  75. 75. United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India
  76. 76. Department of Basic Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  77. 77. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  78. 78. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  79. 79. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  80. 80. Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  81. 81. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  82. 82. Department of Environmental Health, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom, Iran
  83. 83. Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Philadelphia, PA, United States
  84. 84. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  85. 85. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  86. 86. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  87. 87. Young Researchers Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
  88. 88. Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  90. 90. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  91. 91. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  92. 92. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  93. 93. Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  94. 94. Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  95. 95. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  96. 96. Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  97. 97. Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  98. 98. Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  99. 99. Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  100. 100. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  101. 101. Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia
  102. 102. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
  103. 103. University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States
  104. 104. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
  105. 105. Deputy of Education, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  106. 106. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  107. 107. Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  108. 108. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  109. 109. Information Technology Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  110. 110. Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia
  111. 111. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
  112. 112. Department of Registries, Estonian Cancer Registry, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
  113. 113. Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  114. 114. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  115. 115. ODeL Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  116. 116. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan
  117. 117. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  118. 118. Imam Ali Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  119. 119. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  120. 120. Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  121. 121. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  122. 122. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  123. 123. Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  124. 124. Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  125. 125. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  126. 126. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  127. 127. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  128. 128. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, QLD, Australia
  129. 129. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, QLD, Australia
  130. 130. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Haridwar, India
  131. 131. Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  132. 132. Department of Internal Medicine, Sevenhills Hospital, Mumbai, India
  133. 133. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  134. 134. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  135. 135. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  136. 136. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  137. 137. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  138. 138. Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  139. 139. Department of Biology, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
  140. 140. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  141. 141. Department of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  142. 142. Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  143. 143. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  144. 144. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  145. 145. Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  146. 146. Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  147. 147. Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  148. 148. Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  149. 149. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  150. 150. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  151. 151. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  152. 152. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  153. 153. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  154. 154. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  155. 155. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  156. 156. Institute of Health Science, University of Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
  157. 157. Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  158. 158. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  159. 159. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  160. 160. Division of Chemistry and Division of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran
  161. 161. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  162. 162. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  163. 163. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  164. 164. A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  165. 165. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  166. 166. Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  167. 167. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  168. 168. Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
  169. 169. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  170. 170. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  171. 171. School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  172. 172. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  173. 173. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  174. 174. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  175. 175. Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  176. 176. Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  177. 177. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  178. 178. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  179. 179. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  180. 180. TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  181. 181. Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  182. 182. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  183. 183. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
  184. 184. Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  185. 185. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  186. 186. Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  187. 187. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardebil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  188. 188. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria

Source: The Lancet Oncology Published:2019


Abstract

Background: Accurate childhood cancer burden data are crucial for resource planning and health policy prioritisation. Model-based estimates are necessary because cancer surveillance data are scarce or non-existent in many countries. Although global incidence and mortality estimates are available, there are no previous analyses of the global burden of childhood cancer represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 methodology, childhood (ages 0–19 years) cancer mortality was estimated by use of vital registration system data, verbal autopsy data, and population-based cancer registry incidence data, which were transformed to mortality estimates through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Childhood cancer incidence was estimated using the mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated by using MIR to model survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the difference between the age of death and a reference life expectancy. DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Final point estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: Globally, in 2017, there were 11·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 10·6–12·3) DALYs due to childhood cancer, 97·3% (97·3–97·3) of which were attributable to YLLs and 2·7% (2·7–2·7) of which were attributable to YLDs. Childhood cancer was the sixth leading cause of total cancer burden globally and the ninth leading cause of childhood disease burden globally. 82·2% (82·1–82·2) of global childhood cancer DALYs occurred in low, low-middle, or middle Socio-demographic Index locations, whereas 50·3% (50·3–50·3) of adult cancer DALYs occurred in these same locations. Cancers that are uncategorised in the current GBD framework comprised 26·5% (26·5–26·5) of global childhood cancer DALYs. Interpretation: The GBD 2017 results call attention to the substantial burden of childhood cancer globally, which disproportionately affects populations in resource-limited settings. The use of DALY-based estimates is crucial in demonstrating that childhood cancer burden represents an important global cancer and child health concern. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), and St. Baldrick's Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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